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94 results of 18 texts with exact phrase : 'IMT'.

1. NEUROSONOLOGY AND CEREBRAL HEMODYNAMICS, Vol. 1, 2005 , , ,

Ultrasounds in non vascular brain diseases, hyperbaric medicine, imaging brain parenchyma and cerebral venous system were another innovative topics along with arterial wall imaging including intima-media tichkness (IMT) and distensibility studies.
The 10th Meeting of the European Society of Neurosonology and Cerebral Hemodynamics (ESNCH) focused the attention in different topics. Specific sessions were devoted to emerging problems as the role of the ultrasounds in stroke units (perfusion imaging and sonothrombolysis) is known to be very important. Ultrasounds in non vascular brain diseases, hyperbaric medicine, imaging brain parenchyma and cerebral venous system were another innovative topics along with arterial wall imaging including intima-media tichkness (IMT) and distensibility studies. Classical topics such as carotid plaque characterization, emboli detection monitoring, ultrasound contrast imaging, ultrasound diagnosis of foramen ovale, ultrasound application during carotid surgery and functional assessment of cerebral hemodynamics were also presented. The advance in neurosonology, connected with echo-contrast bolus traking for analysis of cerebral circulation time, the assessment of the global cerebral blood volume and ultrasound evaluation of movement disorders, was discussed in a separate session. Proper time was dedicated to training and certification in Neurosonology in the European community.
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2. NEUROSONOLOGY AND CEREBRAL HEMODYNAMICS, vol. 2, 2006, No. 1 , , ,

Установена е връзка между полиморфизма на E 298 D (894 GT) polymorphism of the endothelial nitric-oxide synthase (eNOS) and the atherosclerotic plaques in different carotid vessel segments and with carotid IMT.
4 алела на APOE. Връзката между генетичните вариации на ензима метилен тетрахидрофолат редуктаза с каротидната атеросклероза е противоречива. Проучвания върху полиморфизма на гена за параоксоназа 1 (PON 1) са показали по-висок индекс на плаките при LL хомозиготите, по-често срещан L алел при случаите със стенози, по-висока стойност на дебелината на ИМК при лица с генотип LL/QQ. Установена е връзка между полиморфизма на E 298 D (894 GT) polymorphism of the endothelial nitric-oxide synthase (eNOS) and the atherosclerotic plaques in different carotid vessel segments and with carotid IMT. The results from a study of the polymorphism of the metalloproteinase gene (MMP-3) show structural and functional changes in the common carotid artery (CCA) in homozygous for the 6A allele which contribute to formation of carotid plaques.
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Since IMT and carotid stenoses as intermediate phenotypes also influence the genetic risk profile in coronary heart disease and dyslipidemia, their specific role in the pathogenesis of stroke should be elucidated.
Since IMT and carotid stenoses as intermediate phenotypes also influence the genetic risk profile in coronary heart disease and dyslipidemia, their specific role in the pathogenesis of stroke should be elucidated.
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3. NEUROSONOLOGY AND CEREBRAL HEMODYNAMICS, vol. 3, 2007, No. 1 , , ,

rotic plaques, the intima-media thickness (IMT) and the blood flow velocity parameters were evaluated.
rotic plaques, the intima-media thickness (IMT) and the blood flow velocity parameters were evaluated.
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with increase of the diameters of the CCA and ICA and of the IMT
with increase of the diameters of the CCA and ICA and of the IMT
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4. NEUROSONOLOGY AND CEREBRAL HEMODYNAMICS, vol. 3, 2007, No. 2 , , ,

The intima media tickness (IMT) of the common carotid (CCA) and the internal carotid (ICA) arteries was measured in B-mode and M-mode scanning.
Color duplex sonography of carotid arteries was performed in 924 patients: 368 with RF for CVD, 126 with transient ischemic attacks (TIAs), 287 with chronic unilateral infarction (CUI) and 143 with multiple infarctions. The intima media tickness (IMT) of the common carotid (CCA) and the internal carotid (ICA) arteries was measured in B-mode and M-mode scanning. Nonmodifiable (age and
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IMT of the ICA on the side of infarction correlated positively with the arterial blood pressure (r=+0.60, p
Arterial hypertension was the most common RF in all patients. An asymmetrical hypertrophy of the left ventricle of the heart and a decrease of its contractility was found as a typical cardiac dysfunction in most of them. Mild stenoses of ICA predominated in all groups while moderate and severe carotid stenoses were relatively rare. Symptomatic thromboses of ICA were seen in 4.5% from the patients with CUI. IMT of the ICA on the side of infarction correlated positively with the arterial blood pressure (r=+0.60, p
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5. NEUROSONOLOGY AND CEREBRAL HEMODYNAMICS, vol. 4, 2008, No. 2 , , ,

Colour-coded duplex sonography was used to determine the extracranial blood flow velocity and the intima media thickness (IMT) of
The study included 93 patients with AIDCC, 30 patients with risk factors (RF) for cerebrovascular disease (CVD) and 78 healthy subjects. A questionnaire for RF for CVD was filled out. The patients were devided in two groups depending of the stage of arterial hypertension (AH): stage І [140-159/90-99], stage ІІ [160-179/100-109], stage ІІІ [≥180/≥110]. Colour-coded duplex sonography was used to determine the extracranial blood flow velocity and the intima media thickness (IMT) of
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6. NEUROSONOLOGY AND CEREBRAL HEMODYNAMICS, vol. 5, 2009, No. 1 , , ,

Colour-coded duplex sonography was used to determine the extracranial blood flow velocity and the intima media thickness (IMT) of common carotid arteries (CCA), the
Colour-coded duplex sonography was used to determine the extracranial blood flow velocity and the intima media thickness (IMT) of common carotid arteries (CCA), the
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7. NEUROSONOLOGY AND CEREBRAL HEMODYNAMICS, vol. 5, 2009, No. 1 , , ,

The blood flow velocities (BFV), the diameters (D) and the vessel wall intima-media thickness (IMT) in the common carotid arteries (CCA) were recorded with color duplex sonography.
The study was carried out in 16 patients with unilateral cerebral infarctions (UCI), 58 patients with risk factors (RF) for CVD and 25 healthy control subjects. The blood flow velocities (BFV), the diameters (D) and the vessel wall intima-media thickness (IMT) in the common carotid arteries (CCA) were recorded with color duplex sonography. Systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure were measured and mean blood pressure (MBP) was calculated by the formula of Wiggers. Whole blood viscosity (WBV) at the shear rate of 94.5 s-1 was measured on the day of the Doppler ultrasound examination with a rotational viscometer Contraves Low shear 30. Wall shear stress (WSS), the circumferential wall tension (T) and the tensile stress (
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SBP, WBV and IMT were significantly increased in the patients with UCI and RF for CVD in comparison to controls.
The main RF in the patients` groups were hypertension and hyperlipidemia. SBP, WBV and IMT were significantly increased in the patients with UCI and RF for CVD in comparison to controls. Lower systolic WSS and
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The IMT correlated with WSS and
and higher T were established in the patients with UCI. The IMT correlated with WSS and
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8. NEUROSONOLOGY AND CEREBRAL HEMODYNAMICS, vol. 6, 2010, No. 2 , , ,

Color carotid and transcranial duplex sonography was used for evaluation of the major arteries of the head and basal cerebral arteries, intima media tickness (IMT) of common carotid
63 patients with DM withouth a hystory for cerebrovascular disease (CVD), divided into three groups: 10 patients with type 1 DM, 22 patients with type 2 DM on oral medication and 31 patients with type 2 DM on insulin therapy. Color carotid and transcranial duplex sonography was used for evaluation of the major arteries of the head and basal cerebral arteries, intima media tickness (IMT) of common carotid
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In comparison to controls all patients with DM had unsatisfactory glycemic and lipid control, increased IMT and intracranial vascular resistance, more pronounced in type 2 DM on insulin therapy.
The patients with type 1 DM were younger and had longer duration of DM than other two groups. In comparison to controls all patients with DM had unsatisfactory glycemic and lipid control, increased IMT and intracranial vascular resistance, more pronounced in type 2 DM on insulin therapy. Mild carotid stenoses predominated in the subgroups with type 2 DM, more frequently in the patients on oral medication. The cardiac ejection fraction were preserved in all subjects with DM.
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9. NEUROSONOLOGY AND CEREBRAL HEMODYNAMICS, vol. 7, 2011, No. 1 , , ,

to evaluate the changes of intima-media thickness (IMT) in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSAS).
to evaluate the changes of intima-media thickness (IMT) in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSAS).
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The IMT of the common carotid arteries (CCA) was measured in B-mode at the far wall of both arteries.
Color duplex sonography of carotid arteries was performed in 27 patients with OSAS (mean age 55.7±1.4 years) and 27 control subjects (mean age 56.1±1.4 years), with risk facktors (RF) for cerebrovascular diseases (CVD) but not OSAS. The IMT of the common carotid arteries (CCA) was measured in B-mode at the far wall of both arteries. Furthermore, the presence of plaques and stenoses of the extracranial vessels was determined.
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In the OSAS group, CCA-IMT was significantly increased when compared with the non-OSAS patients.
In the OSAS group, CCA-IMT was significantly increased when compared with the non-OSAS patients. Additionally, the formation of plaques was more pronounced and carotid stenoses were more common in the OSAS patients.
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Some studies show changes of the IMT in patients with OSAS [7].
Some studies show changes of the IMT in patients with OSAS [7]. Some of them find a connection between the level of night hypoxemia, which is connected to the severity of OSAS and the atherosclerotic changes of the cerebral vessels [14, 15].
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The aim of this study is to measure the IMT of patients with OSAS proven polysomnographically.
The aim of this study is to measure the IMT of patients with OSAS proven polysomnographically. We will compare their results to the IMT of patients, having risk factors for CVD, but with no OSAS.
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We will compare their results to the IMT of patients, having risk factors for CVD, but with no OSAS.
The aim of this study is to measure the IMT of patients with OSAS proven polysomnographically. We will compare their results to the IMT of patients, having risk factors for CVD, but with no OSAS.
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Carotid IMT in obstructive sleep apnea
Carotid IMT in obstructive sleep apnea
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Carotid IMT in obstructive sleep apnea
Carotid IMT in obstructive sleep apnea
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ИМК / IMT (mm) лява ОСА / left CCA
ИМК / IMT (mm) лява ОСА / left CCA
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10. NEUROSONOLOGY AND CEREBRAL HEMODYNAMICS, vol. 9, 2013, No. 1 , , ,

Atherosclerotic occlusive disease including plaque assessment and IMT
Atherosclerotic occlusive disease including plaque assessment and IMT
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11. NEUROSONOLOGY AND CEREBRAL HEMODYNAMICS, vol. 9, 2013, No. 2 , , ,

IMT: Methodology and its Clinical Value.
IMT: Methodology and its Clinical Value.
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IMT: METHODOLOGYAND ITS CLINICALVALUE
IMT: METHODOLOGYAND ITS CLINICALVALUE
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carotid atherosclerosis, carotid IMT, carotid plaque.
carotid atherosclerosis, carotid IMT, carotid plaque.
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measurement of the intima-media thickness (IMT), pulsewave velocity, or endothelial dysfunction in order to obtain information necessary to closer determine the relation between vascular risk factors and disease development, so that the evolution of CVD could be prevented or at least postponed.
measurement of the intima-media thickness (IMT), pulsewave velocity, or endothelial dysfunction in order to obtain information necessary to closer determine the relation between vascular risk factors and disease development, so that the evolution of CVD could be prevented or at least postponed. Early disease detection enables on-time management of vascular risk factors, and studies have shown that careful control of vascular risk factors can postpone or even reverse disease progression.
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Intima-Medial-Thickness (IMT) will be measured every year during follow-up period and the results will be compared with the baseline data.
The primary hypothesis of this study is; cilostazol alone or with probucol will reduce the risk of cerebral hemorrhage without increase of cardiovascular events compared to aspirin in the ischemic stroke patients with symptomatic or asymptomatic old cerebral hemorrhage. Intima-Medial-Thickness (IMT) will be measured every year during follow-up period and the results will be compared with the baseline data. The change of IMT will be analyzed with the occurrence of cardiovascular events.
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The change of IMT will be analyzed with the occurrence of cardiovascular events.
The primary hypothesis of this study is; cilostazol alone or with probucol will reduce the risk of cerebral hemorrhage without increase of cardiovascular events compared to aspirin in the ischemic stroke patients with symptomatic or asymptomatic old cerebral hemorrhage. Intima-Medial-Thickness (IMT) will be measured every year during follow-up period and the results will be compared with the baseline data. The change of IMT will be analyzed with the occurrence of cardiovascular events.
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We will present the IMT study protocol and characteristics of baseline data.
This study is currently recruiting participants. We will present the IMT study protocol and characteristics of baseline data.
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The blood flow velocities (BFV), the internal diameters (D) and the vessel wall intima-media thickness (IMT) in the CCA were recorded by color duplex sonography.
Thirty two patients with CUCI, 58 patients with risk factors (RF) for cerebrovascular disease (CVD) and 25 controls were included in the study. The blood flow velocities (BFV), the internal diameters (D) and the vessel wall intima-media thickness (IMT) in the CCA were recorded by color duplex sonography. Systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure were measured and mean blood pressure (MBP) was calculated by the formula of Wiggers. Additional division of the patients in subgroups with MBP < 100 and ≥ 100 was performed. The blood flow velocities (BFV), the internal diameters (D) and the vessel wall intima-media thickness (IMT) in the CCA were recorded. Whole blood viscosity (WBV) at the shear rate of 94,5 s
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The blood flow velocities (BFV), the internal diameters (D) and the vessel wall intima-media thickness (IMT) in the CCA were recorded.
Thirty two patients with CUCI, 58 patients with risk factors (RF) for cerebrovascular disease (CVD) and 25 controls were included in the study. The blood flow velocities (BFV), the internal diameters (D) and the vessel wall intima-media thickness (IMT) in the CCA were recorded by color duplex sonography. Systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure were measured and mean blood pressure (MBP) was calculated by the formula of Wiggers. Additional division of the patients in subgroups with MBP < 100 and ≥ 100 was performed. The blood flow velocities (BFV), the internal diameters (D) and the vessel wall intima-media thickness (IMT) in the CCA were recorded. Whole blood viscosity (WBV) at the shear rate of 94,5 s
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Heterogenous atherosclerotic plaques, greater IMT and larger diameters of the CCA were measured.
The main RF in the patients` groups were hypertension and hyperlipidemia. Heterogenous atherosclerotic plaques, greater IMT and larger diameters of the CCA were measured. The SBP and WBV were significantly higher in the patients with CUCI and RF for CVD in comparison to controls. Lower systolic WSS, τ and higher T were established in the patients with CUCI. Significant correlations of WBV with the carotid diameters predominating in the subgroups with MBP ≥ 100 were revealed. The IMT correlated with WSS and τ.
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The IMT correlated with WSS and τ.
The main RF in the patients` groups were hypertension and hyperlipidemia. Heterogenous atherosclerotic plaques, greater IMT and larger diameters of the CCA were measured. The SBP and WBV were significantly higher in the patients with CUCI and RF for CVD in comparison to controls. Lower systolic WSS, τ and higher T were established in the patients with CUCI. Significant correlations of WBV with the carotid diameters predominating in the subgroups with MBP ≥ 100 were revealed. The IMT correlated with WSS and τ.
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stent max intima-media thickness (IMT) of 3D-CTA correlated with that of CDU.
stent max intima-media thickness (IMT) of 3D-CTA correlated with that of CDU. The result was suggested that there was no ISR in the IMT of CDU less than 1.0mm.
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The result was suggested that there was no ISR in the IMT of CDU less than 1.0mm.
stent max intima-media thickness (IMT) of 3D-CTA correlated with that of CDU. The result was suggested that there was no ISR in the IMT of CDU less than 1.0mm.
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The in-stent max IMT of CDU was a predictor of late-onset ISR.
We found the cancer-history as the risk factor of late-onset ISR. The in-stent max IMT of CDU was a predictor of late-onset ISR. We advocated aftercare management by CDU for the stented patient.
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The morphology of the artery wall – the thickness of the intima media complex (IMT) of the common carotid arteries (CCA), the presence of atherosclerotic plaques, their magnitude, echogenicity and stabilityare determined by a color-coded duplex sonography of the main arteries of the head.
The participants of the study are divided into 2 groups: 12 patients suffering from OSAS and asymptomatic ischemic disturbances of cerebral circulation (mean age 50.7±8.4 years), and a control group of 10 participants (mean age 50.4±8.4 years), having risk factors (RF) for cerebrovascular diseases (CVD) and asymptomatic ischemic disturbances of cerebral circulation but not OSAS. The morphology of the artery wall – the thickness of the intima media complex (IMT) of the common carotid arteries (CCA), the presence of atherosclerotic plaques, their magnitude, echogenicity and stabilityare determined by a color-coded duplex sonography of the main arteries of the head.
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In the OSAS group, CCA-IMT was significantly increased when compared with the non-OSAS patients and asymptomatic ischemic disturbances of cerebral circulation, having risk factors (RF) for CVD and asymptomatic ischemic disturbances of cerebral circulation, which correlated with night hypoxemia level.
In the OSAS group, CCA-IMT was significantly increased when compared with the non-OSAS patients and asymptomatic ischemic disturbances of cerebral circulation, having risk factors (RF) for CVD and asymptomatic ischemic disturbances of cerebral circulation, which correlated with night hypoxemia level. Additionally, the formation of plaques was more pronounced and carotid stenoses were more common in the OSAS patients.
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The intima media thickness (IMT) of the common carotid (CCA) and internal carotid (ICA) arteries was measured by B-mode and M-mode scanning.
Color duplex sonography of carotid arteries was performed in 924 patients: 368 with RF for CVDs, 126 with transient ischemic attacks (TIAs), 287 with chronic unilateral infarction (CUI) and 143 with multiple infarctions. The intima media thickness (IMT) of the common carotid (CCA) and internal carotid (ICA) arteries was measured by B-mode and M-mode scanning. Nonmodifiable (age and sex) and some modifiable (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, atrial fibrillation or other cardiac conditions, dyslipidemia, carotid artery stenoses and obesity) RF for CVDs were evaluated. In 67 subjects with RF, 57 patients with CVDs (31 with TIAs and 26 with CUI) and 16 healthy volunteers correlative clinical, neurosonographic and echocardiographic investigations were performed.
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IMT of the ICA on the side of infarction correlated positively with the arterial blood pressure (r=+0.60, p
Arterial hypertension was the most common RF in all patients. An asymmetrical hypertrophy of the left ventricle of the heart and a decrease of its contractility were found as a typical cardiac dysfunction in most of them. Mild ICA stenoses predominated in all groups while moderate and severe carotid stenoses were relatively rare. Symptomatic ICA thromboses were seen in 4.5% from the patients with CUI. IMT of the ICA on the side of infarction correlated positively with the arterial blood pressure (r=+0.60, p
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Color duplex sonography of both carotid arteries was performed in transverse and longitudinal planes and intima media thickness (IMT) of the common carotid (CCA) and internal carotid (ICA) arteries was measured.
Exercise stress-test (EST) and echocardiography were performed in 503 patients (mean age 54±17 years) with symptoms for CVD in two cardiological centers. Based on EST the patients were classified in three groups with positive, negative or questionable results. Color duplex sonography of both carotid arteries was performed in transverse and longitudinal planes and intima media thickness (IMT) of the common carotid (CCA) and internal carotid (ICA) arteries was measured. No modifiable (age and sex) and some modifiable (hypertension, diabetes, atrial fibrillation, dyslipidemia, carotid stenosis, obesity, hemorheological variables – leucocytes (Leuc) hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Ht), FR for CVD were evaluated. The pts with positive EST were on PTCA undergone and pts with questionable EST the decision for PTCA was taken after severity of carotid pathology and clinical exam.
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The IMT of the ICA correlated positively with the AH (r=+0.60,p0,05).
Arterial hypertension (AH) was the most common risk factor (RF) in 75% of all patients, dyslipidemia in 64% and diabetes mellitus in 28%. A symmetrical hypertrophy of the left ventricle and a decrease of its contractility was found as typical diastolic dysfunction. Mild ICA stenoses predominated in all groups while the moderate or severe carotid stenoses were relatively rare, especially with positive EST. ICA symptomatic thromboses were seen in 4,5% with positive EST. The IMT of the ICA correlated positively with the AH (r=+0.60,p0,05). Asymptomatic thrombosis are 67 (87%), and symptomatic-10 (13 %), p
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12. NEUROSONOLOGY AND CEREBRAL HEMODYNAMICS, vol. 10, 2014, No. 2 , , ,

Ultrasound parameters, intima-media thickness (IMT), circumferential arterial stiffness, resistance, and pulsatility indexes of the common carotid artery were found to be age-dependent.
Color Doppler Flow Imaging (CDFI) and functional Transcranial Doppler (fTCD) are the neurosonological methods most frequently used for the assessment of a patient's vascular status, and the information obtained is helpful in the diagnosis of various forms of dementia. CDFI may show evidence of impaired cerebral blood flow. Ultrasound parameters, intima-media thickness (IMT), circumferential arterial stiffness, resistance, and pulsatility indexes of the common carotid artery were found to be age-dependent. Thus, these parameters can be used to determine the actual vascular age of individuals [23, 17].
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Intima-media thickness (IMT) Measurement of the thickness of tunica intima
Intima-media thickness (IMT) Measurement of the thickness of tunica intima
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Intracranial haemodynamics of the aging brain can sucesfully be assessed using TCD, functional TCD assessing the response to various stressors, and the TCD detection of cerebral emboli, while extracranial neurosonological methods involve the measurement of intima-media thickness (IMT), plaque formation and composition, and alterations in arterial mechanisms based on B mode ultrasound imaging, such as pulse pressure wave or flow-mediated dilation.
Both intracranial and extracranial neurosonological methods are convenient, relatively widely available, and generally inexpensive diagnostic tools. Intracranial haemodynamics of the aging brain can sucesfully be assessed using TCD, functional TCD assessing the response to various stressors, and the TCD detection of cerebral emboli, while extracranial neurosonological methods involve the measurement of intima-media thickness (IMT), plaque formation and composition, and alterations in arterial mechanisms based on B mode ultrasound imaging, such as pulse pressure wave or flow-mediated dilation.
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13. NEUROSONOLOGY AND CEREBRAL HEMODYNAMICS, vol. 11, 2015, No. 2 , , ,

– IMT and the presence of carotid plaques), ultrasound examination of the carotid blood vessels using the ultrasonic device Aloka Prosound Alpha 10 (Aloka, Japan) with a linear ultrasound probe 5–13 MHz.
– IMT and the presence of carotid plaques), ultrasound examination of the carotid blood vessels using the ultrasonic device Aloka Prosound Alpha 10 (Aloka, Japan) with a linear ultrasound probe 5–13 MHz. Possible presence of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) was also recorded by ultrasound examination.
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14. NEUROSONOLOGY AND CEREBRAL HEMODYNAMICS, vol. 13, 2017, No. 1 , , ,

Carotid intima-media thickness (C-IMT) was assessed by carotid ultrasound according to the Mannheim Carotid Intima-Media Thickness Consensus.
This study included all patients with coronary artery disease hospitalized in the Department of Cardiology during the period from 2007 to 2014, who underwent CABG. Two groups were formed: patients who underwent CABG of three and more vessels (CABG 3+) and patients who underwent CABG of two or less vessels (CABG 2-). Carotid intima-media thickness (C-IMT) was assessed by carotid ultrasound according to the Mannheim Carotid Intima-Media Thickness Consensus.
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We found no statistically significant difference in the mean intima-media thickness of the common carotid artery between these two groups (p= 0.5637), neither between C-IMT and the extent of the coronary artery disease (p=0.82612).
The study included 66 patients. There were 35 patients in the CABG3+ group and 31 patients in the CABG2group. We found no statistically significant difference in the mean intima-media thickness of the common carotid artery between these two groups (p= 0.5637), neither between C-IMT and the extent of the coronary artery disease (p=0.82612). The CABG 3+ group had higher incidence of arterial hypertension (p=0.0298) and hyperlipidemia (p=0.0388). No statistically significant difference was found between age, gender, previous ischemic stroke, and smoking between groups.
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Our study did not show statistically significant relationship between common carotid artery (CCA) IMT and the extent of CABG surgery and coronary artery disease.
Our study did not show statistically significant relationship between common carotid artery (CCA) IMT and the extent of CABG surgery and coronary artery disease. Arterial hypertension and hyperlipidemia are more important risk factors, more commonly present in patients with greater extent of CABG surgery.
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IMT & CABG
IMT & CABG
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Intima media thickness (IMT) represents mainly medial layer hypertrophy and increased IMT is considered the earliest sign of carotid atherosclerosis [2].
Atherosclerosis is the common pathophysiological cause for the development of coronary and carotid artery disease [13]. Intima media thickness (IMT) represents mainly medial layer hypertrophy and increased IMT is considered the earliest sign of carotid atherosclerosis [2].
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The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between common carotid artery intima-media (C-IMT) thickness and risk factors in patients who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting surgery (CABG) based on extent of coronary artery disease.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between common carotid artery intima-media (C-IMT) thickness and risk factors in patients who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting surgery (CABG) based on extent of coronary artery disease.
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An experienced sonographer obtained images of the far wall of both common carotid arteries (CCA) and carotid bulbs according to the Mannheim common carotid IMT consensus [17].
Carotid ultrasound assessments were conducted using a commercially available linear array transducer (8.0 MHz linear probe, Acuson Antares Premium Edition C 512, Siemens). An experienced sonographer obtained images of the far wall of both common carotid arteries (CCA) and carotid bulbs according to the Mannheim common carotid IMT consensus [17]. On both sides CCA IMT was measured at three different points and the average value of CCA IMT was considered to be diagnostic. Thickness greater than 0.9 mm was considered to be increased CCA IMT.
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On both sides CCA IMT was measured at three different points and the average value of CCA IMT was considered to be diagnostic.
Carotid ultrasound assessments were conducted using a commercially available linear array transducer (8.0 MHz linear probe, Acuson Antares Premium Edition C 512, Siemens). An experienced sonographer obtained images of the far wall of both common carotid arteries (CCA) and carotid bulbs according to the Mannheim common carotid IMT consensus [17]. On both sides CCA IMT was measured at three different points and the average value of CCA IMT was considered to be diagnostic. Thickness greater than 0.9 mm was considered to be increased CCA IMT.
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Thickness greater than 0.9 mm was considered to be increased CCA IMT.
Carotid ultrasound assessments were conducted using a commercially available linear array transducer (8.0 MHz linear probe, Acuson Antares Premium Edition C 512, Siemens). An experienced sonographer obtained images of the far wall of both common carotid arteries (CCA) and carotid bulbs according to the Mannheim common carotid IMT consensus [17]. On both sides CCA IMT was measured at three different points and the average value of CCA IMT was considered to be diagnostic. Thickness greater than 0.9 mm was considered to be increased CCA IMT.
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IMT & CABG
IMT & CABG
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Mean CCA IMT in patients with 1–vessel disease was 0.898±0.16, in patients with 2-vessel disease was 0.932±0.15, while in patients with 3-vessel disease was 0.96±0.14 (p=0.82612).
vessels (CABG 3+) have higher incidence of arterial hypertension and hyperlipidemia (n=31). We found no statistically significance between age, gender, previous ischemic stroke, smoking and performing coronary artery bypass surgery with two, three or more grafts. Table 2 shows patients’ angiographic findings. Figure 1 shows relationship between mean carotid intima media thickness with the extent of coronary disease. Mean CCA IMT in patients with 1–vessel disease was 0.898±0.16, in patients with 2-vessel disease was 0.932±0.15, while in patients with 3-vessel disease was 0.96±0.14 (p=0.82612). Mean C-IMT in the CABG
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Mean C-IMT in the CABG
vessels (CABG 3+) have higher incidence of arterial hypertension and hyperlipidemia (n=31). We found no statistically significance between age, gender, previous ischemic stroke, smoking and performing coronary artery bypass surgery with two, three or more grafts. Table 2 shows patients’ angiographic findings. Figure 1 shows relationship between mean carotid intima media thickness with the extent of coronary disease. Mean CCA IMT in patients with 1–vessel disease was 0.898±0.16, in patients with 2-vessel disease was 0.932±0.15, while in patients with 3-vessel disease was 0.96±0.14 (p=0.82612). Mean C-IMT in the CABG
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3+ group was 0.95±0.13, while mean C-IMT in the CABG 2group was 0.93±0.17 (p=0.5637).
3+ group was 0.95±0.13, while mean C-IMT in the CABG 2group was 0.93±0.17 (p=0.5637).
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Our study demonstrated that there is no statistically significant difference in CCA IMT in patients who underwent CABG of three or more vessels, and those who underwent CABG of two or less vessels.
Our study demonstrated that there is no statistically significant difference in CCA IMT in patients who underwent CABG of three or more vessels, and those who underwent CABG of two or less vessels. Previously, a great number of studies demonstrated the relationship between carotid IMT and coronary stenosis severity, what was not statistically significant in our study [6, 9, 11, 12]. The association between IMT and CAD remains debatable [1]. The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study (ARIC) has shown that the risk of CAD gradually increases with higher values of IMT [3], but a recent analysis of the ARIC study showed that coronary heart disease (CHD) risk prediction could be improved by adding all carotid artery segments IMT (A-C IMT) or common carotid artery IMT (CCA-IMT) with plaque information to traditional risk factors [14]. However, a recently published meta-analysis of 11 population-based studies has shown that the ultrasound assessment of carotid plaque has a significantly higher accuracy for predicting future myocardial infarction or CAD events compared with carotid IMT assessment [8]. The meta-analysis of 27 diagnostic cohort studies (4.878 patients) also showed a higher, but nonsignificant, diagnostic accuracy of carotid plaque compared with CIMT for the detection of CAD [8].
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Previously, a great number of studies demonstrated the relationship between carotid IMT and coronary stenosis severity, what was not statistically significant in our study [6, 9, 11, 12].
Our study demonstrated that there is no statistically significant difference in CCA IMT in patients who underwent CABG of three or more vessels, and those who underwent CABG of two or less vessels. Previously, a great number of studies demonstrated the relationship between carotid IMT and coronary stenosis severity, what was not statistically significant in our study [6, 9, 11, 12]. The association between IMT and CAD remains debatable [1]. The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study (ARIC) has shown that the risk of CAD gradually increases with higher values of IMT [3], but a recent analysis of the ARIC study showed that coronary heart disease (CHD) risk prediction could be improved by adding all carotid artery segments IMT (A-C IMT) or common carotid artery IMT (CCA-IMT) with plaque information to traditional risk factors [14]. However, a recently published meta-analysis of 11 population-based studies has shown that the ultrasound assessment of carotid plaque has a significantly higher accuracy for predicting future myocardial infarction or CAD events compared with carotid IMT assessment [8]. The meta-analysis of 27 diagnostic cohort studies (4.878 patients) also showed a higher, but nonsignificant, diagnostic accuracy of carotid plaque compared with CIMT for the detection of CAD [8]. In uremic patients IMT does not appear to add more information regarding risk stratification of CAD [5].
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The association between IMT and CAD remains debatable [1].
Our study demonstrated that there is no statistically significant difference in CCA IMT in patients who underwent CABG of three or more vessels, and those who underwent CABG of two or less vessels. Previously, a great number of studies demonstrated the relationship between carotid IMT and coronary stenosis severity, what was not statistically significant in our study [6, 9, 11, 12]. The association between IMT and CAD remains debatable [1]. The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study (ARIC) has shown that the risk of CAD gradually increases with higher values of IMT [3], but a recent analysis of the ARIC study showed that coronary heart disease (CHD) risk prediction could be improved by adding all carotid artery segments IMT (A-C IMT) or common carotid artery IMT (CCA-IMT) with plaque information to traditional risk factors [14]. However, a recently published meta-analysis of 11 population-based studies has shown that the ultrasound assessment of carotid plaque has a significantly higher accuracy for predicting future myocardial infarction or CAD events compared with carotid IMT assessment [8]. The meta-analysis of 27 diagnostic cohort studies (4.878 patients) also showed a higher, but nonsignificant, diagnostic accuracy of carotid plaque compared with CIMT for the detection of CAD [8]. In uremic patients IMT does not appear to add more information regarding risk stratification of CAD [5]. IMT increases with advancing CAD, patients with mean IMT over 1.15 mm have a 94% likelihood of having CAD, and the coexistence of CAD with severe stenosis of aortic arch arteries is relatively high and was found in 16.6% of patients with three vessel CAD [9].
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The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study (ARIC) has shown that the risk of CAD gradually increases with higher values of IMT [3], but a recent analysis of the ARIC study showed that coronary heart disease (CHD) risk prediction could be improved by adding all carotid artery segments IMT (A-C IMT) or common carotid artery IMT (CCA-IMT) with plaque information to traditional risk factors [14].
Our study demonstrated that there is no statistically significant difference in CCA IMT in patients who underwent CABG of three or more vessels, and those who underwent CABG of two or less vessels. Previously, a great number of studies demonstrated the relationship between carotid IMT and coronary stenosis severity, what was not statistically significant in our study [6, 9, 11, 12]. The association between IMT and CAD remains debatable [1]. The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study (ARIC) has shown that the risk of CAD gradually increases with higher values of IMT [3], but a recent analysis of the ARIC study showed that coronary heart disease (CHD) risk prediction could be improved by adding all carotid artery segments IMT (A-C IMT) or common carotid artery IMT (CCA-IMT) with plaque information to traditional risk factors [14]. However, a recently published meta-analysis of 11 population-based studies has shown that the ultrasound assessment of carotid plaque has a significantly higher accuracy for predicting future myocardial infarction or CAD events compared with carotid IMT assessment [8]. The meta-analysis of 27 diagnostic cohort studies (4.878 patients) also showed a higher, but nonsignificant, diagnostic accuracy of carotid plaque compared with CIMT for the detection of CAD [8]. In uremic patients IMT does not appear to add more information regarding risk stratification of CAD [5]. IMT increases with advancing CAD, patients with mean IMT over 1.15 mm have a 94% likelihood of having CAD, and the coexistence of CAD with severe stenosis of aortic arch arteries is relatively high and was found in 16.6% of patients with three vessel CAD [9]. IMT incorporating data from common and internal carotid artery, carotid bifurcation and femoral artery are well correlated with the extent of coronary atherosclerosis, much better than individual IMT [11].
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However, a recently published meta-analysis of 11 population-based studies has shown that the ultrasound assessment of carotid plaque has a significantly higher accuracy for predicting future myocardial infarction or CAD events compared with carotid IMT assessment [8].
Our study demonstrated that there is no statistically significant difference in CCA IMT in patients who underwent CABG of three or more vessels, and those who underwent CABG of two or less vessels. Previously, a great number of studies demonstrated the relationship between carotid IMT and coronary stenosis severity, what was not statistically significant in our study [6, 9, 11, 12]. The association between IMT and CAD remains debatable [1]. The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study (ARIC) has shown that the risk of CAD gradually increases with higher values of IMT [3], but a recent analysis of the ARIC study showed that coronary heart disease (CHD) risk prediction could be improved by adding all carotid artery segments IMT (A-C IMT) or common carotid artery IMT (CCA-IMT) with plaque information to traditional risk factors [14]. However, a recently published meta-analysis of 11 population-based studies has shown that the ultrasound assessment of carotid plaque has a significantly higher accuracy for predicting future myocardial infarction or CAD events compared with carotid IMT assessment [8]. The meta-analysis of 27 diagnostic cohort studies (4.878 patients) also showed a higher, but nonsignificant, diagnostic accuracy of carotid plaque compared with CIMT for the detection of CAD [8]. In uremic patients IMT does not appear to add more information regarding risk stratification of CAD [5]. IMT increases with advancing CAD, patients with mean IMT over 1.15 mm have a 94% likelihood of having CAD, and the coexistence of CAD with severe stenosis of aortic arch arteries is relatively high and was found in 16.6% of patients with three vessel CAD [9]. IMT incorporating data from common and internal carotid artery, carotid bifurcation and femoral artery are well correlated with the extent of coronary atherosclerosis, much better than individual IMT [11]. A high-risk IMT score predicted an extended coronary artery disease although a low or medium risk IMT score cannot exclude the possibility of multivessel disease [11].
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In uremic patients IMT does not appear to add more information regarding risk stratification of CAD [5].
Previously, a great number of studies demonstrated the relationship between carotid IMT and coronary stenosis severity, what was not statistically significant in our study [6, 9, 11, 12]. The association between IMT and CAD remains debatable [1]. The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study (ARIC) has shown that the risk of CAD gradually increases with higher values of IMT [3], but a recent analysis of the ARIC study showed that coronary heart disease (CHD) risk prediction could be improved by adding all carotid artery segments IMT (A-C IMT) or common carotid artery IMT (CCA-IMT) with plaque information to traditional risk factors [14]. However, a recently published meta-analysis of 11 population-based studies has shown that the ultrasound assessment of carotid plaque has a significantly higher accuracy for predicting future myocardial infarction or CAD events compared with carotid IMT assessment [8]. The meta-analysis of 27 diagnostic cohort studies (4.878 patients) also showed a higher, but nonsignificant, diagnostic accuracy of carotid plaque compared with CIMT for the detection of CAD [8]. In uremic patients IMT does not appear to add more information regarding risk stratification of CAD [5]. IMT increases with advancing CAD, patients with mean IMT over 1.15 mm have a 94% likelihood of having CAD, and the coexistence of CAD with severe stenosis of aortic arch arteries is relatively high and was found in 16.6% of patients with three vessel CAD [9]. IMT incorporating data from common and internal carotid artery, carotid bifurcation and femoral artery are well correlated with the extent of coronary atherosclerosis, much better than individual IMT [11]. A high-risk IMT score predicted an extended coronary artery disease although a low or medium risk IMT score cannot exclude the possibility of multivessel disease [11]. The current guidelines prefer CABG surgery in patients with diabetes and multivessel diseases. [4, 7, 18].
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IMT increases with advancing CAD, patients with mean IMT over 1.15 mm have a 94% likelihood of having CAD, and the coexistence of CAD with severe stenosis of aortic arch arteries is relatively high and was found in 16.6% of patients with three vessel CAD [9].
The association between IMT and CAD remains debatable [1]. The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study (ARIC) has shown that the risk of CAD gradually increases with higher values of IMT [3], but a recent analysis of the ARIC study showed that coronary heart disease (CHD) risk prediction could be improved by adding all carotid artery segments IMT (A-C IMT) or common carotid artery IMT (CCA-IMT) with plaque information to traditional risk factors [14]. However, a recently published meta-analysis of 11 population-based studies has shown that the ultrasound assessment of carotid plaque has a significantly higher accuracy for predicting future myocardial infarction or CAD events compared with carotid IMT assessment [8]. The meta-analysis of 27 diagnostic cohort studies (4.878 patients) also showed a higher, but nonsignificant, diagnostic accuracy of carotid plaque compared with CIMT for the detection of CAD [8]. In uremic patients IMT does not appear to add more information regarding risk stratification of CAD [5]. IMT increases with advancing CAD, patients with mean IMT over 1.15 mm have a 94% likelihood of having CAD, and the coexistence of CAD with severe stenosis of aortic arch arteries is relatively high and was found in 16.6% of patients with three vessel CAD [9]. IMT incorporating data from common and internal carotid artery, carotid bifurcation and femoral artery are well correlated with the extent of coronary atherosclerosis, much better than individual IMT [11]. A high-risk IMT score predicted an extended coronary artery disease although a low or medium risk IMT score cannot exclude the possibility of multivessel disease [11]. The current guidelines prefer CABG surgery in patients with diabetes and multivessel diseases. [4, 7, 18]. According to the current studies, the number of diseased vessels is important, anatomical complexity may be more important in determining optimal treatment for patients with multivessel CAD, with PCI being reasonable for lower SYNTAX scores and CABG surgery for higher scores [4].
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IMT incorporating data from common and internal carotid artery, carotid bifurcation and femoral artery are well correlated with the extent of coronary atherosclerosis, much better than individual IMT [11].
The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study (ARIC) has shown that the risk of CAD gradually increases with higher values of IMT [3], but a recent analysis of the ARIC study showed that coronary heart disease (CHD) risk prediction could be improved by adding all carotid artery segments IMT (A-C IMT) or common carotid artery IMT (CCA-IMT) with plaque information to traditional risk factors [14]. However, a recently published meta-analysis of 11 population-based studies has shown that the ultrasound assessment of carotid plaque has a significantly higher accuracy for predicting future myocardial infarction or CAD events compared with carotid IMT assessment [8]. The meta-analysis of 27 diagnostic cohort studies (4.878 patients) also showed a higher, but nonsignificant, diagnostic accuracy of carotid plaque compared with CIMT for the detection of CAD [8]. In uremic patients IMT does not appear to add more information regarding risk stratification of CAD [5]. IMT increases with advancing CAD, patients with mean IMT over 1.15 mm have a 94% likelihood of having CAD, and the coexistence of CAD with severe stenosis of aortic arch arteries is relatively high and was found in 16.6% of patients with three vessel CAD [9]. IMT incorporating data from common and internal carotid artery, carotid bifurcation and femoral artery are well correlated with the extent of coronary atherosclerosis, much better than individual IMT [11]. A high-risk IMT score predicted an extended coronary artery disease although a low or medium risk IMT score cannot exclude the possibility of multivessel disease [11]. The current guidelines prefer CABG surgery in patients with diabetes and multivessel diseases. [4, 7, 18]. According to the current studies, the number of diseased vessels is important, anatomical complexity may be more important in determining optimal treatment for patients with multivessel CAD, with PCI being reasonable for lower SYNTAX scores and CABG surgery for higher scores [4]. Trachiotis et al.
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A high-risk IMT score predicted an extended coronary artery disease although a low or medium risk IMT score cannot exclude the possibility of multivessel disease [11].
However, a recently published meta-analysis of 11 population-based studies has shown that the ultrasound assessment of carotid plaque has a significantly higher accuracy for predicting future myocardial infarction or CAD events compared with carotid IMT assessment [8]. The meta-analysis of 27 diagnostic cohort studies (4.878 patients) also showed a higher, but nonsignificant, diagnostic accuracy of carotid plaque compared with CIMT for the detection of CAD [8]. In uremic patients IMT does not appear to add more information regarding risk stratification of CAD [5]. IMT increases with advancing CAD, patients with mean IMT over 1.15 mm have a 94% likelihood of having CAD, and the coexistence of CAD with severe stenosis of aortic arch arteries is relatively high and was found in 16.6% of patients with three vessel CAD [9]. IMT incorporating data from common and internal carotid artery, carotid bifurcation and femoral artery are well correlated with the extent of coronary atherosclerosis, much better than individual IMT [11]. A high-risk IMT score predicted an extended coronary artery disease although a low or medium risk IMT score cannot exclude the possibility of multivessel disease [11]. The current guidelines prefer CABG surgery in patients with diabetes and multivessel diseases. [4, 7, 18]. According to the current studies, the number of diseased vessels is important, anatomical complexity may be more important in determining optimal treatment for patients with multivessel CAD, with PCI being reasonable for lower SYNTAX scores and CABG surgery for higher scores [4]. Trachiotis et al. showed that there is no statistically significance in number of grafts performed during CABG between patients with normal ejection fraction than those with decreased left ventricular ejection
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IMT & CABG
IMT & CABG
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Mean IMT CCA was not measured automatically or semiautomated.
The study is limited by the small sample size and its cross-sectional nature. Mean IMT CCA was not measured automatically or semiautomated. However, most studies that provided reference values used manual reading techniques [16]. In our study 9 patients with 3-vessel disease revealed on coronary angiogram underwent single or double coronary artery bypass surgery and 4 patients among them underwent one or more stent implantation previously. These findings confirm that previously implanted stents can also influence the decision on the number of grafts placed during CABG. The number of grafts placed during CABG surgery does not only depend on the extent of coronary artery disease, but it can also be related to other factor, such as the number of previously implanted stents, vessel dominance, suitable targets as a part of coronary artery disease complexity, surgeon and patient preference, patient comorbidities, availability of grafts and local experience [4].
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Our study did not show statistically significant relationship between common carotid artery (CCA) IMT and the extent of CABG surgery and coronary artery disease.
Our study did not show statistically significant relationship between common carotid artery (CCA) IMT and the extent of CABG surgery and coronary artery disease. Arterial hypertension and hyperlipidemia are more important risk factors more commonly present in patients with greater extent of CABG surgery.
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15. NEUROSONOLOGY AND CEREBRAL HEMODYNAMICS, vol. 13, 2017, No. 2 , , ,

A 3-year intervention study [8] showed that vitamin C consumption was associated with less progression in carotid IMT in elderly men.
A 3-year intervention study [8] showed that vitamin C consumption was associated with less progression in carotid IMT in elderly men. In the study, IMT of the carotid artery and diet in elderly men were assessed. Men were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 groups: dietary intervention, omega-3 supplementation, both or neither. Results previously showed that omega-3 supplementation did not influence the IMT, thus the dietary intervention and no dietary intervention groups were pooled. The
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In the study, IMT of the carotid artery and diet in elderly men were assessed.
A 3-year intervention study [8] showed that vitamin C consumption was associated with less progression in carotid IMT in elderly men. In the study, IMT of the carotid artery and diet in elderly men were assessed. Men were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 groups: dietary intervention, omega-3 supplementation, both or neither. Results previously showed that omega-3 supplementation did not influence the IMT, thus the dietary intervention and no dietary intervention groups were pooled. The
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Results previously showed that omega-3 supplementation did not influence the IMT, thus the dietary intervention and no dietary intervention groups were pooled. The
A 3-year intervention study [8] showed that vitamin C consumption was associated with less progression in carotid IMT in elderly men. In the study, IMT of the carotid artery and diet in elderly men were assessed. Men were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 groups: dietary intervention, omega-3 supplementation, both or neither. Results previously showed that omega-3 supplementation did not influence the IMT, thus the dietary intervention and no dietary intervention groups were pooled. The
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dietary intervention group had less progression in the carotid IMT compared with the controls.
dietary intervention group had less progression in the carotid IMT compared with the controls. This group increased their daily vitamin C intake and intake of fruit, berries and vegetables. Increased intake of vitamin C and of fruit and berries was inversely associated with IMT progression.
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Increased intake of vitamin C and of fruit and berries was inversely associated with IMT progression.
dietary intervention group had less progression in the carotid IMT compared with the controls. This group increased their daily vitamin C intake and intake of fruit, berries and vegetables. Increased intake of vitamin C and of fruit and berries was inversely associated with IMT progression.
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16. NEUROSONOLOGY AND CEREBRAL HEMODYNAMICS, vol. 14, 2018, No. 1 , , ,

Standardized ultrasound intima-media thickness (IMT), maximum and minimum carotid artery diameter and blood pressure were used to calculate elasticity (distensibility coefficient (DC), compliance coefficient (CC)) and stiffness (Young’s elastic modulus (YEM), beta stiffness index (
= 49.4 (6.45), classified into three risk categories (diabetes, hypertension, smoking cigarettes) and a control group of subjects without CVRF were examined. Standardized ultrasound intima-media thickness (IMT), maximum and minimum carotid artery diameter and blood pressure were used to calculate elasticity (distensibility coefficient (DC), compliance coefficient (CC)) and stiffness (Young’s elastic modulus (YEM), beta stiffness index (
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Subclinical atherosclerosis is defined by the presence of carotid atherosclerotic plaque and/or IMT ≥75
)) indicators. Subclinical atherosclerosis is defined by the presence of carotid atherosclerotic plaque and/or IMT ≥75
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17. NEUROSONOLOGY AND CEREBRAL HEMODYNAMICS, vol. 14, 2018, No. 2 , , ,

Changes of the examined neurosonographic parameters: blood flow velocity (BFV), vessel diameters (Ds), vessel wall intima-media thickness (IMT) and stiffness, vasomotor reactivity (VMR) were found and they were correlated to the altered hemorheological variables: hematocrit (HT), fibrinogen (FIB), plasma (PV) and whole blood viscosity (WBV).
Changes of the examined neurosonographic parameters: blood flow velocity (BFV), vessel diameters (Ds), vessel wall intima-media thickness (IMT) and stiffness, vasomotor reactivity (VMR) were found and they were correlated to the altered hemorheological variables: hematocrit (HT), fibrinogen (FIB), plasma (PV) and whole blood viscosity (WBV). Also the brachial arterial blood pressure (BP) was measured and the hemodynamic variables in the common carotid artery (CCA): tensile stress (TS) and wall shear stress (WSS) were assessed.
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Stable positive correlations of WBV with IMT and the carotid stiffness indices were found.
FIB and WBV exerted the greatest influence on the sonographic parameters of the CCA and internal carotid arteries. They correlated well with the Ds, BFV and velocity asymmetry ratios. Stable positive correlations of WBV with IMT and the carotid stiffness indices were found. Significant relationship of HT with the changes of the cerebral VMR was observed. The decrease of WSS and the increase of TS is related to increase of IMT in the CCA.
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The decrease of WSS and the increase of TS is related to increase of IMT in the CCA.
FIB and WBV exerted the greatest influence on the sonographic parameters of the CCA and internal carotid arteries. They correlated well with the Ds, BFV and velocity asymmetry ratios. Stable positive correlations of WBV with IMT and the carotid stiffness indices were found. Significant relationship of HT with the changes of the cerebral VMR was observed. The decrease of WSS and the increase of TS is related to increase of IMT in the CCA.
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Age, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, smoking, alcohol influence the intima-media thickness (IMT), which should be less than 1 mm in healthy persons.
Age, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, smoking, alcohol influence the intima-media thickness (IMT), which should be less than 1 mm in healthy persons. It was proven with prospective trials, that the IMT could be decreased by appropriate treatment. The positive effect of statins, antihypertensive drugs have been proven. Some statins and antihypertensive drugs resulted in significant decrease of IMT thickness after one or 2 years therapy while others did not have beneficial effect. Besides, the majority of trials detected significant positive correlation between the reversal of IMT and the risk of vascular events. The advantages of carotid IMT trials are: a/ measure the effect of a new drug onto the IMT; b/ the results (needs much shorter time than a morbidity-mortality trial) may be decisive to start or refute a long-lasting and expensive morbidity trial on drugs aimed on atherosclerosis.
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It was proven with prospective trials, that the IMT could be decreased by appropriate treatment.
Age, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, smoking, alcohol influence the intima-media thickness (IMT), which should be less than 1 mm in healthy persons. It was proven with prospective trials, that the IMT could be decreased by appropriate treatment. The positive effect of statins, antihypertensive drugs have been proven. Some statins and antihypertensive drugs resulted in significant decrease of IMT thickness after one or 2 years therapy while others did not have beneficial effect. Besides, the majority of trials detected significant positive correlation between the reversal of IMT and the risk of vascular events. The advantages of carotid IMT trials are: a/ measure the effect of a new drug onto the IMT; b/ the results (needs much shorter time than a morbidity-mortality trial) may be decisive to start or refute a long-lasting and expensive morbidity trial on drugs aimed on atherosclerosis.
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Some statins and antihypertensive drugs resulted in significant decrease of IMT thickness after one or 2 years therapy while others did not have beneficial effect.
Age, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, smoking, alcohol influence the intima-media thickness (IMT), which should be less than 1 mm in healthy persons. It was proven with prospective trials, that the IMT could be decreased by appropriate treatment. The positive effect of statins, antihypertensive drugs have been proven. Some statins and antihypertensive drugs resulted in significant decrease of IMT thickness after one or 2 years therapy while others did not have beneficial effect. Besides, the majority of trials detected significant positive correlation between the reversal of IMT and the risk of vascular events. The advantages of carotid IMT trials are: a/ measure the effect of a new drug onto the IMT; b/ the results (needs much shorter time than a morbidity-mortality trial) may be decisive to start or refute a long-lasting and expensive morbidity trial on drugs aimed on atherosclerosis.
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Besides, the majority of trials detected significant positive correlation between the reversal of IMT and the risk of vascular events.
Age, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, smoking, alcohol influence the intima-media thickness (IMT), which should be less than 1 mm in healthy persons. It was proven with prospective trials, that the IMT could be decreased by appropriate treatment. The positive effect of statins, antihypertensive drugs have been proven. Some statins and antihypertensive drugs resulted in significant decrease of IMT thickness after one or 2 years therapy while others did not have beneficial effect. Besides, the majority of trials detected significant positive correlation between the reversal of IMT and the risk of vascular events. The advantages of carotid IMT trials are: a/ measure the effect of a new drug onto the IMT; b/ the results (needs much shorter time than a morbidity-mortality trial) may be decisive to start or refute a long-lasting and expensive morbidity trial on drugs aimed on atherosclerosis.
read the entire text >>

The advantages of carotid IMT trials are: a/ measure the effect of a new drug onto the IMT; b/ the results (needs much shorter time than a morbidity-mortality trial) may be decisive to start or refute a long-lasting and expensive morbidity trial on drugs aimed on atherosclerosis.
Age, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, smoking, alcohol influence the intima-media thickness (IMT), which should be less than 1 mm in healthy persons. It was proven with prospective trials, that the IMT could be decreased by appropriate treatment. The positive effect of statins, antihypertensive drugs have been proven. Some statins and antihypertensive drugs resulted in significant decrease of IMT thickness after one or 2 years therapy while others did not have beneficial effect. Besides, the majority of trials detected significant positive correlation between the reversal of IMT and the risk of vascular events. The advantages of carotid IMT trials are: a/ measure the effect of a new drug onto the IMT; b/ the results (needs much shorter time than a morbidity-mortality trial) may be decisive to start or refute a long-lasting and expensive morbidity trial on drugs aimed on atherosclerosis.
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The anklebrachial index (ABI), intima-media thickness (IMT), the presence of a plaque/stenosis of the carotid arteries were measured by color coded duplex sonography.
25 patients, 13 men and 12 women with Degenerative Aortic Stenosis (AS) were studied. They were hospitalized in the Cardiology Clinic and in the Vascular Surgery Clinic of the “Heart and Brain” Hospital in Pleven for the period of May-July 2018. They were interviewed for history of accompanying CAD, cerebrovascular disease and PAD. The anklebrachial index (ABI), intima-media thickness (IMT), the presence of a plaque/stenosis of the carotid arteries were measured by color coded duplex sonography. A selective coronary angiography was performed on 16 of them, and a CT peripheral arteriography – on 8.
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The average IMT in that group was
Seventeen of the patients had high-degree AS and 8 had low degree. In the high-degree AS group, 7 (41%) of the patients showed no evidence of arterial disease in any of the investigated vascular areas. Four of them (23%) had coronary artery plaques/ stenoses, 1 (5%) – had CAD and 4 (23%) had multifocal arterial lesions. The average IMT in that group was
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The average IMT was 0.09 cm.
0.074 cm. In the low-degree group 1 patient (12.5%) had no atherosclerotic lesions in the studied areas, 3 (37%) were with PAD and 50% – with combined arterialvascular disease. The average IMT was 0.09 cm.
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IMT was higher in the low-degree AS.
The ratio of patients without accompanying vascular disease was bigger in the lowdegree AS group. IMT was higher in the low-degree AS. More patients with low-degree AS had combined vascular damage compared to these in the high – degree group.
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аortic stenosis (AS), carotid atherosclerosis, сoronary arterial disease (CAD), Intima-media thickness (IMT), peripheral artery disease (PAD)
аortic stenosis (AS), carotid atherosclerosis, сoronary arterial disease (CAD), Intima-media thickness (IMT), peripheral artery disease (PAD)
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18. NEUROSONOLOGY AND CEREBRAL HEMODYNAMICS, vol. 15, 2019, No. 1 , , ,

The blood glucose levels during OGTT and their maximal deviations correlate with the IMT of carotid arteries (assessed with ultrasound methods) more than fasting blood sugar [28].
carbohydrate disorders [1] when the other results are still normal. Some authors use the glucose challenge test with glucose measuring at the first hour after 50 g of glucose intake for screening. For this test no fasting is needed [7] and it is more flexible for assessment of large, not prepared groups. The blood glucose levels during OGTT and their maximal deviations correlate with the IMT of carotid arteries (assessed with ultrasound methods) more than fasting blood sugar [28]. OGTT has eightfold higher diagnostic value for carbohydrate impairments than using fasting plasma glucose alone [20]. Oral glucose tolerance test needs to be performed in special conditions (after an 8-10 hour fasting period, with appropriate diet the last tree days with not consuming less than 150 g of carbohydrates). It is difficult to be widely used: it is time consuming, educated nurse or doctor and equipped laboratories are needed, which makes it too expensive.
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