Search for 'cardiovascular' - Neurosonology.net

Search in texts for 'cardiovascular' - Neurosonology.net'

Also try: cardiovascular diseases, cardiovascular function,

232 results of 26 texts with exact phrase : 'cardiovascular'.

1. NEUROSONOLOGY AND CEREBRAL HEMODYNAMICS, vol. 2, 2006, No. 1 , , ,

Apolipoprotein E polymorphism and cardiovascular disease: a HuGE review.
Eichner JE, Dunn ST, Perveen G, Thompson DM, Stewart KE, Stroehla BC. Apolipoprotein E polymorphism and cardiovascular disease: a HuGE review.
read the entire text >>

Cardiovascular Health Study Collaborative Research Group.
O’Leary DH, Polak JF, Kronmal RA, Manolio TA, Burke GL, Wolfson SK Jr. Carotid-artery intima and media thickness as a risk factor for myocardial infarction and stroke in older adults. Cardiovascular Health Study Collaborative Research Group.
read the entire text >>

Decreased arterial elasticity associated with cardiovascular disease risk factors in the young.
Riley WA, Freedman DS, Higgs NA, Barnes RW, Zinkgraf SA, Berenson GS. Decreased arterial elasticity associated with cardiovascular disease risk factors in the young. Bogalusa Heart Study.
read the entire text >>

Frontiers in cardiovascular science.
Wikstrand J, Wiklund O. Frontiers in cardiovascular science. Quantitative measurements of atherosclerotic manifestations in humans.
read the entire text >>

2. NEUROSONOLOGY AND CEREBRAL HEMODYNAMICS, vol. 2, 2006, No. 2 , , ,

Cardiovascular Autonomic Dysfunctions in
Cardiovascular Autonomic Dysfunctions in
read the entire text >>

autonomic dysfunctions, cardiovascular, diabetic polyneuropathy
autonomic dysfunctions, cardiovascular, diabetic polyneuropathy
read the entire text >>

Cardiovascular Autonomic Dysfunctions in Diabetic Polyneuropathy
Cardiovascular Autonomic Dysfunctions in Diabetic Polyneuropathy
read the entire text >>

To study the cardiovascular autonomic dysfunctions in diabetic polineuropathy.
To study the cardiovascular autonomic dysfunctions in diabetic polineuropathy.
read the entire text >>

The cardiovascular autonomic dysfunctions were estimated as heart rate responses to different stimuli: deep breathing, the Valsalva manoeuvre and active standing.
The study included 22 patients (15 women, 7 men, mean age 55,52±13,75 years) with diabetic polyneuropathy and 22 healthy subjects. The cardiovascular autonomic dysfunctions were estimated as heart rate responses to different stimuli: deep breathing, the Valsalva manoeuvre and active standing. The R-R intervals were recorded by means of MP100 computerizes system with ECG module. Detection of R
read the entire text >>

Abnormal cardiovascular responses with significant decrease of the R-Rmax-min response, the VR and the 30:15 ratio in the patients in comparison to the controls was established.
The results of our study on heart rate variability in patients with diabetic polyneuropathy show reduction of the fluctuations of heart rate, lowering of the low frequency power and shorter mean R–R intervals. Abnormal cardiovascular responses with significant decrease of the R-Rmax-min response, the VR and the 30:15 ratio in the patients in comparison to the controls was established.
read the entire text >>

Cardiovascular autonomic nervous system tests: Determination of norma� tive values and effect of confounding variables.
Gelber D, Pfeifer M, Dawson B, Schumer M. Cardiovascular autonomic nervous system tests: Determination of norma� tive values and effect of confounding variables.
read the entire text >>

Validity of cardiovascular tests and correlations with the complications.
Latini A, Martin L, Limiti G, Magarelli M, Polidori L, Tramutoli R, Papini E, Rinaldi R, Guglielmi R, Petrucci L, Panunzi C, Pagano, A. Autonomic neuropathy in a diabetic population. Validity of cardiovascular tests and correlations with the complications.
read the entire text >>

The Association Between Cardiovascular Autonomic Neuropathy and Mortality in Individuals With Diabetes.
Maser R, Mitchell B, Vinik A, Freeman R. The Association Between Cardiovascular Autonomic Neuropathy and Mortality in Individuals With Diabetes. A meta�analysis.
read the entire text >>

Cardiovascular neuralregulationexploredinthefrequencydomain.
Malliani A, Pagani M, Lombardi F, Cerutti S. Cardiovascular neuralregulationexploredinthefrequencydomain.
read the entire text >>

Cardiovascular and behavioral effects of aerobic exercise training in healthy older men and women.
Blumenthal J, Emery C, Madden D. Cardiovascular and behavioral effects of aerobic exercise training in healthy older men and women.
read the entire text >>

Cardiovascular reflexes and autonomic neuropathy.
Ewing D. Cardiovascular reflexes and autonomic neuropathy.
read the entire text >>

Arterial hypertension and dyslipidemia – cardiovascular
Arterial hypertension and dyslipidemia – cardiovascular
read the entire text >>

3. NEUROSONOLOGY AND CEREBRAL HEMODYNAMICS, vol. 3, 2007, No. 1 , , ,

Associations between carotid intimamedia thickness, plaque and cardiovascular risk factors.
Lee YH, Cui LH, Shin MH, Kweon SS, Park KS, Jeong SK, Chung EK, Choi JS. Associations between carotid intimamedia thickness, plaque and cardiovascular risk factors.
read the entire text >>

in clinical neurophysiology and cardiovascular medicine.
in clinical neurophysiology and cardiovascular medicine.
read the entire text >>

Promote the understanding of cerebrovascular and cardiovascular hemodynamics.
Promote the understanding of cerebrovascular and cardiovascular hemodynamics. Improve diagnosis and monitoring routines by applying cybernetic
read the entire text >>

Cardiovascular Physiology (PhD),
Cardiovascular Physiology (PhD),
read the entire text >>

1975: Dr Philos (PhD) in Cardiovascular Physiology, Medical Faculty, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
1975: Dr Philos (PhD) in Cardiovascular Physiology, Medical Faculty, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
read the entire text >>

1985 – 1987: Director of Cardiovascular Research, Institute of Applied Physiology and Medicine (IAPM) Seattle, Washington, USA.
1985 – 1987: Director of Cardiovascular Research, Institute of Applied Physiology and Medicine (IAPM) Seattle, Washington, USA.
read the entire text >>

4. NEUROSONOLOGY AND CEREBRAL HEMODYNAMICS, vol. 3, 2007, No. 2 , , ,

Therefore, ASA in small dose is recommended for those patients who have increased risk of cardiovascular disease.
There is evidence that antithrombotic therapy is not effective in prevention of ischemic events in asymptomatic patients with carotid artery stenosis [12, 13]. However, the patient with asymptomatic carotid stenosis is at even higher risk of acute myocardial infarction and vascular death than for stroke itself. Therefore, ASA in small dose is recommended for those patients who have increased risk of cardiovascular disease. The benefit of the drug is greater than adverse events if the calculated 10-year risk of MI is more than 10% [14]. Asymptomatic carotid stenosis of >50% with or without other symptoms and/or signs of atherosclerosis could be considered as a CHD equivalent. In this in-
read the entire text >>

An update on aspirin in the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease.
Eidelman RS, Herbert PR, Weissman SM, Hennekens CH. An update on aspirin in the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease.
read the entire text >>

The role of hyperhomocysteinemia in the pathogenesis of cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases remains still unclear.
The high plasma homocysteine levels have been recently accepted as a new independent risk factor for development of atherosclerosis. The role of hyperhomocysteinemia in the pathogenesis of cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases remains still unclear. Retrospective and prospective studies have shown that the vascular risk follows a linear relationship with the plasma homocysteine concentration the levels below 10 µmol/L are considered as normal. It has been proved that the increase in homocysteine levels over 12 µmol/l correlates significantly with the increase in the frequency of vascular events and these have been associated with changes of vascular morphology and induction of the endothelium blood clotting cascade. The pathogenetic background for this mechanism is the homocysteinemediated oxidative stress. Various factors from the environment, different diseases and drugs could influence the homocysteine metabolism. Among the nutrition’s factors the folic acid deficiency is considered as the most frequent reason for hyperhomocysteinemia.
read the entire text >>

It has been shown that the reduction of elevated plasma homocysteine concentration may prevent the cerebrovascular and cardiovascular events up to 25%.
Retrospective and prospective studies have shown that the vascular risk follows a linear relationship with the plasma homocysteine concentration the levels below 10 µmol/L are considered as normal. It has been proved that the increase in homocysteine levels over 12 µmol/l correlates significantly with the increase in the frequency of vascular events and these have been associated with changes of vascular morphology and induction of the endothelium blood clotting cascade. The pathogenetic background for this mechanism is the homocysteinemediated oxidative stress. Various factors from the environment, different diseases and drugs could influence the homocysteine metabolism. Among the nutrition’s factors the folic acid deficiency is considered as the most frequent reason for hyperhomocysteinemia. It has been shown that the reduction of elevated plasma homocysteine concentration may prevent the cerebrovascular and cardiovascular events up to 25%. Some other risk factors as smoking, arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and hyperlipidemia may increase additionaly the overall risk for cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases.
read the entire text >>

Some other risk factors as smoking, arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and hyperlipidemia may increase additionaly the overall risk for cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases.
It has been proved that the increase in homocysteine levels over 12 µmol/l correlates significantly with the increase in the frequency of vascular events and these have been associated with changes of vascular morphology and induction of the endothelium blood clotting cascade. The pathogenetic background for this mechanism is the homocysteinemediated oxidative stress. Various factors from the environment, different diseases and drugs could influence the homocysteine metabolism. Among the nutrition’s factors the folic acid deficiency is considered as the most frequent reason for hyperhomocysteinemia. It has been shown that the reduction of elevated plasma homocysteine concentration may prevent the cerebrovascular and cardiovascular events up to 25%. Some other risk factors as smoking, arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and hyperlipidemia may increase additionaly the overall risk for cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases.
read the entire text >>

Homocysteine metabolism in cardiovascular cells and tissues: implications for hyperhomocysteinemia and cardiovascular disease.
Chen P, Poddar R, Tipa EV. et al. Homocysteine metabolism in cardiovascular cells and tissues: implications for hyperhomocysteinemia and cardiovascular disease.
read the entire text >>

Can dietary supplements with folic acid or vitamin B6 reduce cardiovascular risk?
Clarke R, Collins R. Can dietary supplements with folic acid or vitamin B6 reduce cardiovascular risk? Design of clinical trials to test the homocysteine hypothesis of vascular disease.
read the entire text >>

Homocysteine, diet, and cardiovascular diseases: a statement for healthcare professionals from the Nutrition Committee, American Heart Association.
Malinow MR, Bostom AG, Krauss RM. Homocysteine, diet, and cardiovascular diseases: a statement for healthcare professionals from the Nutrition Committee, American Heart Association.
read the entire text >>

Plasma total homocysteine and hospitalizations for cardiovascular disease: the Hordaland Homocysteine Study.
Nurk E, Tell GS, Vollset SE et al. Plasma total homocysteine and hospitalizations for cardiovascular disease: the Hordaland Homocysteine Study.
read the entire text >>

Homocysteine and cardiovascular disease.
Refsum H, Ueland PM, Nygеrd O et al. Homocysteine and cardiovascular disease.
read the entire text >>

Homocysteine and cardiovascular disease: evidence on causality from a metaanalysis.
Wald DS, Law M, Morris JK. Homocysteine and cardiovascular disease: evidence on causality from a metaanalysis.
read the entire text >>

C0-sponsored by the Council on Cardiovascular Radiology and Intervention.
Sacco R, Adams R, Albert G, Albert M, Benavente O, Furie K, Goldstein LB, Gorelick P, Halperin J, Harbaugh R, Johnston SC, Katzan I, Kelly-Hayes M, Kenton EJ, Marks M, Schwamm LH, Tomsick T. Guidelines for prevention of stroke in patients with ishemic stroke or transient ischemic attack. A statement for Healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association Council on Stroke. C0-sponsored by the Council on Cardiovascular Radiology and Intervention.
read the entire text >>

Co-Sponsored by the Council on Cardiovascular Radiology and Intervention: The American Academy of Neurology affirms the value of this guideline.
Co-Sponsored by the Council on Cardiovascular Radiology and Intervention: The American Academy of Neurology affirms the value of this guideline.
read the entire text >>

Guidelines for Prevention of Stroke in Patients With Ischemic Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack: A Statement for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association Council on Stroke: Co-Sponsored by the Council on Cardiovascular Radiology and Intervention: The American Academy of Neurology affirms the value of this guideline.
* RL Sacco, R Adams, G Albers, MJ Alberts, O Benavente, K Furie, LB Goldstein, P Gorelick, J Halperin, R Harbaugh, SC Johnston, I Katzan, M Kelly-Hayes, EJ Kenton, M Marks, LH Schwamm, T Tomsick. Guidelines for Prevention of Stroke in Patients With Ischemic Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack: A Statement for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association Council on Stroke: Co-Sponsored by the Council on Cardiovascular Radiology and Intervention: The American Academy of Neurology affirms the value of this guideline. Stroke 37, 2006:577-617.
read the entire text >>

5. NEUROSONOLOGY AND CEREBRAL HEMODYNAMICS, vol. 4, 2008, No. 1 , , ,

Central neural mechanisms in cardiovascular regulation.
Goldstein DS. Central catecholamines and the control of sympathetic tone. In: Kunos G, Ciriello J (eds). Central neural mechanisms in cardiovascular regulation.
read the entire text >>

6. NEUROSONOLOGY AND CEREBRAL HEMODYNAMICS, vol. 4, 2008, No. 2 , , ,

Effect of lovastatin on early carotid atherosclerosis and cardiovascular events.
Furberg CD, Adams HP Jr, Applegate WB, Byington RP, Espeland MA, Hartwell T, Hunninghake DB, Lefkowitz DS, Probstfield J, Riley WA, Young B. For the Asymptomatic Carotid Artery Progression Study (ACAPS) Research Group. Effect of lovastatin on early carotid atherosclerosis and cardiovascular events.
read the entire text >>

Report of the Ad Hoc Committee to the Joint Council of the Society for Vascular Surgery and the North American Chapter of the International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery.
Moore WS, Mohr JP, Najafi H, Robertson JT, Stoney RJ, Toole JF. Carotid endarterectomy: practice guidelines. Report of the Ad Hoc Committee to the Joint Council of the Society for Vascular Surgery and the North American Chapter of the International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery.
read the entire text >>

Hypertension, other risk factors, and the risk of cardiovascular disease.
Wilson PW, Kannel WB. Hypertension, other risk factors, and the risk of cardiovascular disease.
read the entire text >>

7. NEUROSONOLOGY AND CEREBRAL HEMODYNAMICS, vol. 5, 2009, No. 1 , , ,

Hypertension, other risk factors, and the risk of cardiovascular disease.
Wilson PW, Kannel WB. Hypertension, other risk factors, and the risk of cardiovascular disease.
read the entire text >>

Central neural mechanisms in cardiovascular regulation.
Goldstein DS. Central catecholamines and the control of sympathetic tone. In: Kunos G, Ciriello J, (eds). Central neural mechanisms in cardiovascular regulation. Boston: Birkhouser, 1992, 113-209.
read the entire text >>

Antidepressant drugs and cardiovascular pathology: a clinical overview of effectiveness and safety.
Taylor D. Antidepressant drugs and cardiovascular pathology: a clinical overview of effectiveness and safety.
read the entire text >>

8. NEUROSONOLOGY AND CEREBRAL HEMODYNAMICS, vol. 6, 2010, No. 1 , , ,

These trends are associated with the demographic process of aging of the Bulgarian population, where men have lower average life span [14] and also with improved diagnostics of cardiovascular diseases and their endovascular treatment at younger age.
Analysis of the data from recent years shows three major trends in morbidity and mortality from stroke in Bulgaria: (1) as compared to 2004, the number of deaths from cerebrovascular disease in 2008 increased with 9.8% and mortality increased from 263.1 to 294.4/100 000 population (an increase with 31.3/100 000); (2). The number of women with ischemic stroke increases from 50.8% in 2006 to 51.2% in 2009 (3). The number of patients of both sexes who received ischemic stroke under the age of 55 decreases – from 11.9% in 2006 to 9.7% in 2009. These trends are associated with the demographic process of aging of the Bulgarian population, where men have lower average life span [14] and also with improved diagnostics of cardiovascular diseases and their endovascular treatment at younger age.
read the entire text >>

Stroke mortality as a percent from total death in Europe, European Union and some of the European countries (European cardiovascular disease statistics, 2008 edition) [9].
Stroke mortality as a percent from total death in Europe, European Union and some of the European countries (European cardiovascular disease statistics, 2008 edition) [9].
read the entire text >>

European cardiovascular disease statistics 2008 edition.
Allender S, Scarborough P, Peto V, Rayner M, Leal J, Luengo-Fernandez R, Gray A. European cardiovascular disease statistics 2008 edition. Department of Public Health, University of Oxford, 2008. European Heart Network.
read the entire text >>

Biological cardiovascular risk factors and plasma homocysteine levels in the general Dutch population.
De Bree A, Verschuren WM, Blom HJ. Biological cardiovascular risk factors and plasma homocysteine levels in the general Dutch population.
read the entire text >>

Guidelines for the Early Management of Adults With Ischemic Stroke: A Guideline From the American Heart Association/ American Stroke Association Stroke Council, Clinical Cardiology Council, Cardiovascular Radiology and Intervention Council, and the Atherosclerotic Peripheral Vascular Disease and Quality of Care Outcomes in Research Interdisciplinary Working Groups: The American Academy of Neurology affirms the value of this guideline as an educational tool for neurologists.
Adams, HP Jr, del Zoppo G, Alberts M.J, Bhatt DL, Brass L, Furlan A, Grubb RL, Higashida RT, Jauch EC, Kidwell C, Lyden PD, Morgenstern LB, Qureshi AI, Rosenwasser RH, Scott PA, Wijdicks EFM. Guidelines for the Early Management of Adults With Ischemic Stroke: A Guideline From the American Heart Association/ American Stroke Association Stroke Council, Clinical Cardiology Council, Cardiovascular Radiology and Intervention Council, and the Atherosclerotic Peripheral Vascular Disease and Quality of Care Outcomes in Research Interdisciplinary Working Groups: The American Academy of Neurology affirms the value of this guideline as an educational tool for neurologists.
read the entire text >>

9. NEUROSONOLOGY AND CEREBRAL HEMODYNAMICS, vol. 6, 2010, No. 2 , , ,

Clinic of Functional Diagnostics of Cardiovascular System, Military Medical Academy – Sofia
Clinic of Functional Diagnostics of Cardiovascular System, Military Medical Academy – Sofia
read the entire text >>

Diabetes and cardiovascular risk factors: the Framingham study.
Kannel WB, McGee DL. Diabetes and cardiovascular risk factors: the Framingham study.
read the entire text >>

C0-sponsored by the Council on Cardiovascular Radiology and Intervention.
Sacco R, Adams R, Albert G, Albert M, Benavente O, Furie K, Goldstein LB, Gorelick P, Halperin J, Harbaugh R, Johnston SC, Katzan I, Kelly-Hayes M, Kenton EJ, Marks M, Schwamm LH, Tomsick T. Guidelines for prevention of stroke in patients with ishemic stroke or transient ischemic attack. A statement for Healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association Council on Stroke. C0-sponsored by the Council on Cardiovascular Radiology and Intervention.
read the entire text >>

10. NEUROSONOLOGY AND CEREBRAL HEMODYNAMICS, vol. 7, 2011, No. 1 , , ,

Recent studies have shown that acute sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is associated with a high risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, because of the high frequency of risk factors for their appearance [13].
Recent studies have shown that acute sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is associated with a high risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, because of the high frequency of risk factors for their appearance [13]. Epidemiological data say that patients with OSAS more often suffer from overweight, arterial hypertension, usually smoke and abuse alcohol [7]. Apnoeic episodes can induce cardiovascular, hemodynamic and
read the entire text >>

Apnoeic episodes can induce cardiovascular, hemodynamic and
Recent studies have shown that acute sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is associated with a high risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, because of the high frequency of risk factors for their appearance [13]. Epidemiological data say that patients with OSAS more often suffer from overweight, arterial hypertension, usually smoke and abuse alcohol [7]. Apnoeic episodes can induce cardiovascular, hemodynamic and
read the entire text >>

There is no significant difference between the anthropometric parameters and the accompanying cardiovascular and metabolic diseases of the two groups of patients.
There is no significant difference between the anthropometric parameters and the accompanying cardiovascular and metabolic diseases of the two groups of patients. The patients are between 50 and 60 years old and except for one all are overweight men. More than 66% of them suffer from arterial hypertension. In both groups dyslipidemic smokers prevaluate and there are more diabetics in the group with
read the entire text >>

Cardiovascular risk factors in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome.
Kiely JL, McNicholas WT. Cardiovascular risk factors in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome.
read the entire text >>

¹Department of Noninvasive Cardiovascular Imaging and Functional Diagnostic,
¹Department of Noninvasive Cardiovascular Imaging and Functional Diagnostic,
read the entire text >>

According to the guideline for the diagnosis and management of syncope, version 2009 [4], syncope classification includes reflex syncope (with subgroups vasovagal, situational, carotid sinus syncope and atypical forms), syncope due to orthostatic hypotension (primary and secondary autonomic failure, drug-induced orthostatic hypotension and volume depletion) and cardiovascular syncope (rhythm-conduction disturbances or structural diseases).
Syncope is defined as a transient loss of consciousness due to transient global cerebral hypoperfusion characterized by rapid onset, short duration and spontaneous complete recovery [4]. According to the guideline for the diagnosis and management of syncope, version 2009 [4], syncope classification includes reflex syncope (with subgroups vasovagal, situational, carotid sinus syncope and atypical forms), syncope due to orthostatic hypotension (primary and secondary autonomic failure, drug-induced orthostatic hypotension and volume depletion) and cardiovascular syncope (rhythm-conduction disturbances or structural diseases). Syncope is common in the general population with occurrence of 18 to 40 per 1000 individuals [4]. Prognosis in patients with syncope varies considerably with etiology. Recurrences have a great impact on quality of life.
read the entire text >>

The Department of Noninvasive Cardiovascular Imaging and Functional Diagnostic, National Cardiology Hospital is one of the few clinical units in Bulgaria performing TTT with a test volume of
The Department of Noninvasive Cardiovascular Imaging and Functional Diagnostic, National Cardiology Hospital is one of the few clinical units in Bulgaria performing TTT with a test volume of
read the entire text >>

Department of Noninvasive Cardiovascular Imaging and Functional Diagnostic
Department of Noninvasive Cardiovascular Imaging and Functional Diagnostic
read the entire text >>

A Report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines, and the American Stroke Association, American Association of Neuroscience Nurses, American Association of Neurological Surgeons, American College of Radiology, American Society of Neuroradiology, Congress of Neurological Surgeons, Society of Atherosclerosis Imaging and Prevention, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, Society of Interventional Radiology, Society of NeuroInterventional Surgery, Society for Vascular Medicine, and Society for Vascular Surgery.
of Patients With Extracranial Carotid and Vertebral Artery Disease. A Report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines, and the American Stroke Association, American Association of Neuroscience Nurses, American Association of Neurological Surgeons, American College of Radiology, American Society of Neuroradiology, Congress of Neurological Surgeons, Society of Atherosclerosis Imaging and Prevention, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, Society of Interventional Radiology, Society of NeuroInterventional Surgery, Society for Vascular Medicine, and Society for Vascular Surgery.
read the entire text >>

11. NEUROSONOLOGY AND CEREBRAL HEMODYNAMICS, vol. 7, 2011, No. 2 , , ,

Endothelial dysfunction and/or damage are connected to increased cardiovascular risk and an early sign of atherosclerotic process [5, 36].
Diabetic-induced vascular complications are a main clinical problem. Up to 75% of patients with diabetes mellitus die from vascular disease. Endothelial dysfunction plays an early (probably even preceding manifested symptoms of diabetes) and important role in this process [2, 7]. Endothelial cells between blood and tissues produce many autocrine and paracrine substances participating in the regulation of vascular tone and local control of blood flow and homeostasis [3, 35]. Endothelial dysfunction might be at the same time the reason and the result of insulin resistance syndrome [25, 38]. Endothelial dysfunction and/or damage are connected to increased cardiovascular risk and an early sign of atherosclerotic process [5, 36]. They are characterized by imbalance between endothelial-derived vasodilators and constrictors and plays an important role in pathogenesis of diabetic microangiopathy and neuropathy [18]. Reactive hyperemia test is an index of endothelial-dependent dilator capacity of blood vessels in norm and pathology [19]. The rate of diabetic polyneuropathy according to different studies reaches 90% from patients with diabetes mellitus. Objectives: Assessment of microvascular endothelial-derived vasodilator reactivity in patients
read the entire text >>

Part II: Association with cardiovascular risk factors and diseases.
Brunner H, Cockcroft JR, Deanfield J, Donald A, Ferrannini E, Halcox J, Halcox J, Kiowski W, Luscher TF, Manciah G, Natali A, Oliver JJ, Achille C. Pessinaj AC, Rizzoni D, Rossi GP, Salvetti A, Spieker LE, Taddei S, Webb D Endothelial function and dysfunction. Part II: Association with cardiovascular risk factors and diseases. A statement by the Working Group on Endothelins and Endothelial Factors of the European Society of Hypertension.
read the entire text >>

The late complications are macrovascular (cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases) and microvascular (diabetic retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy).
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a socially important disease leading to early (hypoglycemia and ketoacidosis) and late complications. The late complications are macrovascular (cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases) and microvascular (diabetic retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy). The rate of diabetic neuropathy varies from 16% to 50% in patients with different types of DM [3, 11, 24]. The main risk factors (RF) for its appearance are duration of DM and glicemic control. Important additional factors could be arterial hypertension, hyperlypidemia, cigarette smoking, age etc [6].
read the entire text >>

Alone or in combination vessel wall damage and increased risk of cardiovascular disease [1, 3, 29, 34].
In recent years there has been a disturbing trend for the occurrence of cerebrovascular accidents in young age. It has been shown that several factors (hypercholesterolemia, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, hyperhomocysteinemia etc.). Alone or in combination vessel wall damage and increased risk of cardiovascular disease [1, 3, 29, 34]. Genetically determined risk for their development is the subject of intensive studies [6, 27, 35, 36].
read the entire text >>

Study the link between innate predisposition to increased platelet aggregation and the development of stroke helps to predict risk of cardiovascular events in patients who are carriers of genetic defects [28, 35, 39, 44, 46].
Genetics multifactorial disease remains problematic today. Study the link between innate predisposition to increased platelet aggregation and the development of stroke helps to predict risk of cardiovascular events in patients who are carriers of genetic defects [28, 35, 39, 44, 46]. It is envisaged that the diagnosis of carriers of the polymorphism and in vitro determination of platelet activity by the method of bleeding. Establish a specific genetic variant could contribute to the ongoing refinement of antiplatelet therapy.
read the entire text >>

Increased reactivity of platelets induced by fibrinogen independent of its binding to the IIb-IIIa surface glycoprotein: a potential contributor to cardiovascular risk.
Schneider DJ, Taatjes DJ, Howard DB, Sobel BE. Increased reactivity of platelets induced by fibrinogen independent of its binding to the IIb-IIIa surface glycoprotein: a potential contributor to cardiovascular risk.
read the entire text >>

Variation in the von Willebrand factor gene is associated with von Willebrand factor levels and with the risk for cardiovascular disease.
Van Schie MC, M de Maat MP, Isaacs A, Van Duijn CM, Deckers JW, Dippel DV, Leebeek FW. Variation in the von Willebrand factor gene is associated with von Willebrand factor levels and with the risk for cardiovascular disease.
read the entire text >>

12. NEUROSONOLOGY AND CEREBRAL HEMODYNAMICS, vol. 8, 2012, No. 1 , , ,

Clinic of Cardiovascular Surgery and Angiology, Military Medical Academy – Sofia,
Clinic of Cardiovascular Surgery and Angiology, Military Medical Academy – Sofia,
read the entire text >>

There is a combination of several cardiovascular risk factors longstanding hypertension, dyslipidemia, degenerative aortic valve stenosis, chronic thrombosis of the right ICA and severe stenosis (75%) of the left ICA (proved by ultrasound methods Fig.
The study was conducted in a 62-year-old man with multifocal atherosclerosis, caused ischemic heart disease, chronic arterial insufficiency of lower extremities as a result of chronic thrombosis of the deep femoral artery and transient motor aphasia 1 month before hospitalization. There is a combination of several cardiovascular risk factors longstanding hypertension, dyslipidemia, degenerative aortic valve stenosis, chronic thrombosis of the right ICA and severe stenosis (75%) of the left ICA (proved by ultrasound methods Fig. 1), followed by CEA patch plastic without shunt in 2011.
read the entire text >>

Department of Noninvasive Cardiovascular Imaging and Functional Diagnosis, National Cardiology Hospital – Sofia
Department of Noninvasive Cardiovascular Imaging and Functional Diagnosis, National Cardiology Hospital – Sofia
read the entire text >>

Described briefly is also our personal experience (Department of Noninvasive Cardiovascular Imaging and Functional Diagnosis, National Cardiology Hospital) in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with syncope.
Syncope is a frequent condition, which sometimes can have significant implication on patients’ prognosis and even when this is not the case impairs patients’ quality of life. The present review discusses syncope classification, pathophysiology, etiology, epidemiology and prognosis, as well as the recommended diagnostic algorhythm in these patients. We then describe conditions for diagnosis and treatment of patients with syncope in Bulgaria, paying attention to faults and gaps in the system, and we have suggested some steps to improve these conditions and reach European standards. Described briefly is also our personal experience (Department of Noninvasive Cardiovascular Imaging and Functional Diagnosis, National Cardiology Hospital) in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with syncope.
read the entire text >>

The existent syncope classification is based on a pathophysiological principle [10] and comprises three major syncope categories: reflex (neurally-mediated) syncope, syncope due to orthostatic hypotension and cardiovascular syn-
The existent syncope classification is based on a pathophysiological principle [10] and comprises three major syncope categories: reflex (neurally-mediated) syncope, syncope due to orthostatic hypotension and cardiovascular syn-
read the entire text >>

Cardiac syncope (cardiovascular)
Cardiac syncope (cardiovascular)
read the entire text >>

group of conditions in which cardiovascular reflexes normally controlling the circulation become intermittently inappropriate in response to some trigger, resulting in vasodilatation and/or bradycardia, fall in BP and global cerebral hypoperfusion [17].
group of conditions in which cardiovascular reflexes normally controlling the circulation become intermittently inappropriate in response to some trigger, resulting in vasodilatation and/or bradycardia, fall in BP and global cerebral hypoperfusion [17]. Reflex syncope is usually classified based on the efferent pathway most involved in syncope initiation. The term “vasodepressor type” is commonly used when hypotension predominates as a result of loss of vasoconstrictor tonus during posture. When bradycardia or asystole predominates syncope is classified as cardioinhibitory, and when both mechanisms are concomitantly acting – as mixed type. Reflex syncope could also be classified based on the triggering factor, i.e. the afferent pathway (table 1).
read the entire text >>

One-year mortality in patients with cardiovascular syncope reaches 33%, which is significantly higher than in patients with syncope of non-cardiac etiology (0–12%) and in patients with unknown etiology (6%).
life-threatening events and risk of syncope recurrence and physical injury. Regarding life expectancy cardiac etiology of syncope is a major determining factor for the risk of sudden cardiac death [7, 9]. Syncope due to orthostatic hypotension is associated with a two-fold increase in mortality, mainly due to co-morbidity [11]. On the other hand prognosis regarding life expectancy in patients with neurally-mediated syncope is excellent (provided structural heart defect or rhythm-conduction disturbances have been excluded) [15]. One-year mortality in patients with cardiovascular syncope reaches 33%, which is significantly higher than in patients with syncope of non-cardiac etiology (0–12%) and in patients with unknown etiology (6%). That justifies every effort to be made to diagnose unknown structural heart disease in patients with syncope.
read the entire text >>

It is the opinion of the authors of this article that a significant subgroup of these patients is inadequately and incompletely evaluated – with their symptoms underestimated and often not referred to a specialist’s evaluation (cardiologist or neurologist) despite the clear-cut evidence that cardiovascular diseases are the main contributor to mortality in patients with syncope.
The above-mentioned data is derived from studies conducted in USA and developed European countries. Data is missing however for the frequency and prognosis of patients with syncope in Bulgaria. There is no distinct strategy and conventional algorhythm for the thorough evaluation of such patients. It is the opinion of the authors of this article that a significant subgroup of these patients is inadequately and incompletely evaluated – with their symptoms underestimated and often not referred to a specialist’s evaluation (cardiologist or neurologist) despite the clear-cut evidence that cardiovascular diseases are the main contributor to mortality in patients with syncope. Therefore such patients receive inadequate treatment which in turn could further deteriorate their condition.
read the entire text >>

In the Department of Noninvasive Cardiovascular Imaging and Functional Diagnostic in National Cardiology Hospital, which is the sole cardiac functional department disposing of and regularly using tilt-table test equipment, the number of patients with syncope referred for evaluation hardly reaches 70 for a year.
In the Department of Noninvasive Cardiovascular Imaging and Functional Diagnostic in National Cardiology Hospital, which is the sole cardiac functional department disposing of and regularly using tilt-table test equipment, the number of patients with syncope referred for evaluation hardly reaches 70 for a year. This number is considerably different from the predicted frequency of syncope occurrence – around 5 000 cases per year.
read the entire text >>

Department of Noninvasive Cardiovascular Imaging and Functional Diagnostic
Department of Noninvasive Cardiovascular Imaging and Functional Diagnostic
read the entire text >>

The concomitant disorders (hypertonic disease, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases) are monitored and deep vein thromboses prevented [7, 12].
sion). An important role is played by patient’s relatives who undergo training to assist and help patient’s daily activities. The choice of a wheelchair for a patient with hemiplegia is specific – it has to be lower than a standard wheelchair. Social reintegration including driving and speech rehabilitation is applied for suitable patients. The concomitant disorders (hypertonic disease, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases) are monitored and deep vein thromboses prevented [7, 12].
read the entire text >>

Adams HP Jr, del Zoppo G, Alberts MJ; American Heart Association; American Stroke Association Stroke Council; Clinical Cardiology Council; Cardiovascular Radiology and Intervention Council; Atherosclerotic Peripheral Vascular Disease and Quality of Care Outcomes in Research Interdisciplinary Working Groups.
Adams HP Jr, del Zoppo G, Alberts MJ; American Heart Association; American Stroke Association Stroke Council; Clinical Cardiology Council; Cardiovascular Radiology and Intervention Council; Atherosclerotic Peripheral Vascular Disease and Quality of Care Outcomes in Research Interdisciplinary Working Groups. Guidelines for the early management of adults with ischemic stroke: a guideline from the American Heart Association/ American Stroke Association Stroke Council, Clinical Cardiology Council, Cardiovascular Radiology and Intervention Council, and the Atherosclerotic Peripheral Vascular Disease and Quality of Care Outcomes in Research Interdisciplinary Working Groups.
read the entire text >>

Guidelines for the early management of adults with ischemic stroke: a guideline from the American Heart Association/ American Stroke Association Stroke Council, Clinical Cardiology Council, Cardiovascular Radiology and Intervention Council, and the Atherosclerotic Peripheral Vascular Disease and Quality of Care Outcomes in Research Interdisciplinary Working Groups.
Adams HP Jr, del Zoppo G, Alberts MJ; American Heart Association; American Stroke Association Stroke Council; Clinical Cardiology Council; Cardiovascular Radiology and Intervention Council; Atherosclerotic Peripheral Vascular Disease and Quality of Care Outcomes in Research Interdisciplinary Working Groups. Guidelines for the early management of adults with ischemic stroke: a guideline from the American Heart Association/ American Stroke Association Stroke Council, Clinical Cardiology Council, Cardiovascular Radiology and Intervention Council, and the Atherosclerotic Peripheral Vascular Disease and Quality of Care Outcomes in Research Interdisciplinary Working Groups.
read the entire text >>

13. NEUROSONOLOGY AND CEREBRAL HEMODYNAMICS, vol. 2, 2012, No. 2 , , ,

Some of these effects could be observed frequently – cardiovascular changes (increased blood pressure and central venous pressure, decreased heart rate and cardiac output), ECG changes (bradycardia, prolongation of PR and QT intervals, severe arrhythmias could be expected when the temperature decreases below 30°C) [7, 24], electrolyte disturbances (risk of high potassium levels in rewarming phase), shivering [25], insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, changes in laboratory parameters (slowing of liver enzymes, mild acidosis etc.) and decrease in drug clearance [8].
Hypothermia leads to different physiologic and pathophysiologic changes and side effects in the human body as a result of the thermoregulatory system attempts to manage the decrease of normal body temperature. Some of these effects could be observed frequently – cardiovascular changes (increased blood pressure and central venous pressure, decreased heart rate and cardiac output), ECG changes (bradycardia, prolongation of PR and QT intervals, severe arrhythmias could be expected when the temperature decreases below 30°C) [7, 24], electrolyte disturbances (risk of high potassium levels in rewarming phase), shivering [25], insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, changes in laboratory parameters (slowing of liver enzymes, mild acidosis etc.) and decrease in drug clearance [8]. Other effects are observed less frequently (hypovolemia, hypotension, increased risk of infections, bed-sores, immunosuppression and immobilization) or rarely (bleeding) [20, 21]. Most of the side effects are well tolerated and do not require any treatment [20].
read the entire text >>

2010 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science with Treatment Recommendations.
ttiger B, Drajer S, Lim S, Nolan J. 2010 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science with Treatment Recommendations.
read the entire text >>

Adrenergic, respiratory, and cardiovascular effects of core cooling in humans.
Adrenergic, respiratory, and cardiovascular effects of core cooling in humans.
read the entire text >>

The impact of TH on the cardiovascular system is presented in table 2.
The hypothermia complicates the renal tubular dysfunction; leads to loss of electrolytes and electrolyte disturbance. When temperature drops below 35°C the thrombocytes decrease and below 33°C – a leukopenia is expressed [9]. Changes in gastro-intestinal tract could be observed relating to disturbances of peristalsis and a potential risk of ileus although an increase of liver enzymes is also possible. Low temperatures disturb the function of phagocytes and macrophages as well as there is a risk of infections (more frequently pneumonias and wound infections). The patients are with depressed level of consciousness; lethargic and even in coma. The impact of TH on the cardiovascular system is presented in table 2.
read the entire text >>

Future ideas were revealed in the rich variety of lectures covering topics in various sessions: “Heart and Mind” (arterial fibrillations in stroke, role of Neurosonology in the therapeutic approach in patients with asymptomatic carotid pathology, correlation between carotid pathology and cardiovascular diseases), “Unstable Carotid Plaque “(identification of the stability of carotid plaques by duplex scanning, assessment of their vascularization, risk of stroke, etc.), “Neuromyosonology” and others.
E. Ringelstein (Germany), K. Niederkorn (Austria), E. Bartels (Germany) and others. Future ideas were revealed in the rich variety of lectures covering topics in various sessions: “Heart and Mind” (arterial fibrillations in stroke, role of Neurosonology in the therapeutic approach in patients with asymptomatic carotid pathology, correlation between carotid pathology and cardiovascular diseases), “Unstable Carotid Plaque “(identification of the stability of carotid plaques by duplex scanning, assessment of their vascularization, risk of stroke, etc.), “Neuromyosonology” and others. In this session, Professor E. Ti-
read the entire text >>

14. NEUROSONOLOGY AND CEREBRAL HEMODYNAMICS, vol. 9, 2013, No. 1 , , ,

Furthermore, concomitant risk factors, especially atherosclerosis, arterial hypertension, cardiovascular diseases and diabetes mellitus worsen cognitive functions in both acute and chronic period of stroke [2, 7, 22, 23].
21, 27]. Furthermore, concomitant risk factors, especially atherosclerosis, arterial hypertension, cardiovascular diseases and diabetes mellitus worsen cognitive functions in both acute and chronic period of stroke [2, 7, 22, 23]. Although inflammatory mechanisms are implicated in the pathogenesis of post-stroke cognitive impairment, the causal relationships have not been completely clarified yet [17]. Data published suggest that increased levels of some inflammatory markers in patients with acute ischemic stroke predict further cognitive deterioration [29]. Certain combinations of factors may enhance the risk of vascular cognitive impairment after stroke, but the determinants and mechanisms of post-stroke cognitive deterioration remain obscure [6, 12, 20, 33].
read the entire text >>

According to the Bulgarian National Statistical Institute, cardiovascular diseases, including acute myocardial infarction, hypertension and cerebrovascular disease, are the primary reasons for death (67% of all deaths) in Bulgaria for 2011.
According to the Bulgarian National Statistical Institute, cardiovascular diseases, including acute myocardial infarction, hypertension and cerebrovascular disease, are the primary reasons for death (67% of all deaths) in Bulgaria for 2011. The mortality rate for these illnesses has reached
read the entire text >>

The progressively increasing upward trend in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases creates a serious risk for public health and increases the community expenses.
987.7 per 100,000 persons, with slight preponderance of men (987.7 per 100,000 persons) over women (984.3 per 100,000 persons) [1]. The progressively increasing upward trend in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases creates a serious risk for public health and increases the community expenses. Reducing the risks of cardiovascular diseases and their secondary prophylaxis (prevention of acute cardiovascular accidents and adequate rehabilitation of the patient after that) is a serious challenge for public healthcare. Coordinated effort in the framework of inpatient and outpatient care is necessary for the proper training and stimulation of patient’s improved, healthier lifestyle [10].
read the entire text >>

Reducing the risks of cardiovascular diseases and their secondary prophylaxis (prevention of acute cardiovascular accidents and adequate rehabilitation of the patient after that) is a serious challenge for public healthcare.
987.7 per 100,000 persons, with slight preponderance of men (987.7 per 100,000 persons) over women (984.3 per 100,000 persons) [1]. The progressively increasing upward trend in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases creates a serious risk for public health and increases the community expenses. Reducing the risks of cardiovascular diseases and their secondary prophylaxis (prevention of acute cardiovascular accidents and adequate rehabilitation of the patient after that) is a serious challenge for public healthcare. Coordinated effort in the framework of inpatient and outpatient care is necessary for the proper training and stimulation of patient’s improved, healthier lifestyle [10].
read the entire text >>

Obesity and cardiovascular disease.
Poirier P, Eckel RH. Obesity and cardiovascular disease.
read the entire text >>

15. NEUROSONOLOGY AND CEREBRAL HEMODYNAMICS, vol. 9, 2013, No. 2 , , ,

Monitoring the Brain During Invasive Cardiovascular Examinations and Surgery.
Monitoring the Brain During Invasive Cardiovascular Examinations and Surgery.
read the entire text >>

Change of Intima-Media Thickness in Prevention of Cardiovascular Events in Ischemic Stroke Patients with High Risk of Cerebral Haemorrhage (PICASSO).
Change of Intima-Media Thickness in Prevention of Cardiovascular Events in Ischemic Stroke Patients with High Risk of Cerebral Haemorrhage (PICASSO).
read the entire text >>

Correlation between Carotid Ultrasound and Exercise Stress Test for Assessing the Subclinical Vascular Diseases in Patients with Cardiovascular Disease.
Correlation between Carotid Ultrasound and Exercise Stress Test for Assessing the Subclinical Vascular Diseases in Patients with Cardiovascular Disease.
read the entire text >>

His extensive neurosonological research included hemodynamics, cardiovascular diseases, cerebrovascular diseases, sonothrombolysis, sonobiochemistry, and drug delivery systems.
NSRG Meeting (Taipei), and was an executive committee and Advisory Board member from 2001. His extensive neurosonological research included hemodynamics, cardiovascular diseases, cerebrovascular diseases, sonothrombolysis, sonobiochemistry, and drug delivery systems. From this work we have to cite the following three very important contributions.
read the entire text >>

MONITORING THE BRAIN DURING INVASIVE CARDIOVASCULAR EXAMINATIONS AND SURGERY
MONITORING THE BRAIN DURING INVASIVE CARDIOVASCULAR EXAMINATIONS AND SURGERY
read the entire text >>

CHANGE OF INTIMA-MEDIA THICKNESS IN PREVENTION OF CARDIOVASCULAR EVENTS IN ISCHEMIC STROKE PATIENTS WITH HIGH RISK OF CEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE (PICASSO)
CHANGE OF INTIMA-MEDIA THICKNESS IN PREVENTION OF CARDIOVASCULAR EVENTS IN ISCHEMIC STROKE PATIENTS WITH HIGH RISK OF CEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE (PICASSO)
read the entire text >>

The primary hypothesis of this study is; cilostazol alone or with probucol will reduce the risk of cerebral hemorrhage without increase of cardiovascular events compared to aspirin in the ischemic stroke patients with symptomatic or asymptomatic old cerebral hemorrhage.
The primary hypothesis of this study is; cilostazol alone or with probucol will reduce the risk of cerebral hemorrhage without increase of cardiovascular events compared to aspirin in the ischemic stroke patients with symptomatic or asymptomatic old cerebral hemorrhage. Intima-Medial-Thickness (IMT) will be measured every year during follow-up period and the results will be compared with the baseline data. The change of IMT will be analyzed with the occurrence of cardiovascular events.
read the entire text >>

The change of IMT will be analyzed with the occurrence of cardiovascular events.
The primary hypothesis of this study is; cilostazol alone or with probucol will reduce the risk of cerebral hemorrhage without increase of cardiovascular events compared to aspirin in the ischemic stroke patients with symptomatic or asymptomatic old cerebral hemorrhage. Intima-Medial-Thickness (IMT) will be measured every year during follow-up period and the results will be compared with the baseline data. The change of IMT will be analyzed with the occurrence of cardiovascular events.
read the entire text >>

Numata Neurosurgical and Cardiovascular Hospital – Numata, Japan
Numata Neurosurgical and Cardiovascular Hospital – Numata, Japan
read the entire text >>

CORRELATION BETWEEN CAROTID ULTRASOUND AND EXERCISE STRESS TEST FOR ASSESSING THE SUBCLINICAL VASCULAR DISEASES IN PATIENTS WITH CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE
CORRELATION BETWEEN CAROTID ULTRASOUND AND EXERCISE STRESS TEST FOR ASSESSING THE SUBCLINICAL VASCULAR DISEASES IN PATIENTS WITH CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE
read the entire text >>

To study the relationship between carotid pathology and exercise stress-test in patients with new onset symptoms for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs).
To study the relationship between carotid pathology and exercise stress-test in patients with new onset symptoms for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs).
read the entire text >>

This method plays a key role in cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) prophylaxis.
The project aims to implement training in the field of Medicine in one of the most revolutionary diagnostic methods – ultrasound diagnostics. This method plays a key role in cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) prophylaxis. Target groups of the project are young doctors and medical students who are to raise their awareness on the prophylaxis of CVDs.
read the entire text >>

(1)Decision of the European Parliament from 2004 on the cardiovascular morbidity
(1)Decision of the European Parliament from 2004 on the cardiovascular morbidity
read the entire text >>

Ultrasound Methods in the Prevention of Socially Important Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases.
Ultrasound Methods in the Prevention of Socially Important Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases.
read the entire text >>

16. NEUROSONOLOGY AND CEREBRAL HEMODYNAMICS, vol. 10, 2014, No. 1 , , ,

Cardiovascular diseases cause about 40% of all deaths in Europe below 75 years of age [22].
Cardiovascular diseases cause about 40% of all deaths in Europe below 75 years of age [22]. Based on epidemiological data the Sudden Cardiac Arrest (SCA) is responsible for 60% of all deaths in elderly group (above 75 years) as a result of coronary artery disease complication [26, 31]. Three basic types of cardiovascular complications are assumed to lead to Sudden Cardiac Death (SCD): acute myocardial infarction, ischemia without infarction and structural changes (myocardial sclerosis or ventricular dilatation as a secondary transformation of old myocardial infarction or chronic ischemia). Over
read the entire text >>

Three basic types of cardiovascular complications are assumed to lead to Sudden Cardiac Death (SCD): acute myocardial infarction, ischemia without infarction and structural changes (myocardial sclerosis or ventricular dilatation as a secondary transformation of old myocardial infarction or chronic ischemia). Over
Cardiovascular diseases cause about 40% of all deaths in Europe below 75 years of age [22]. Based on epidemiological data the Sudden Cardiac Arrest (SCA) is responsible for 60% of all deaths in elderly group (above 75 years) as a result of coronary artery disease complication [26, 31]. Three basic types of cardiovascular complications are assumed to lead to Sudden Cardiac Death (SCD): acute myocardial infarction, ischemia without infarction and structural changes (myocardial sclerosis or ventricular dilatation as a secondary transformation of old myocardial infarction or chronic ischemia). Over
read the entire text >>

isformedbasedonindependentriskfactors. Morbidity factors before CА having negative impact onCPRoutcomeare:obesity;cardiovascular diseases more frequently than those with surgical orrespiratoryetiology.Concomitantneurologic disease,traumaorelectrolytedisbalanceare associated with better survival rate [17].
isformedbasedonindependentriskfactors. Morbidity factors before CА having negative impact onCPRoutcomeare:obesity;cardiovascular diseases more frequently than those with surgical orrespiratoryetiology.Concomitantneurologic disease,traumaorelectrolytedisbalanceare associated with better survival rate [17]. Аccording to the opinion of some authors the factors during the reanimation have greater impact on the CPR outcome than the comorbidity factors before CА [6]. Risk factors during reanimation predicting the poor outcome of CPR are: initiation of CPR later than 3 min after СА; CPR duration over 15 min; СА with asystole or PЕА in adults over 75 y/a and unwitnessed СА [28]. А correlation is observed between the high levels of blood glucose after reanimationduetocardiacarrestandthe severity of the neurological deficiency. In a large randomized trial in patients admitted to a general intensive care unit the conventional glucose control (�10mmol/L) is compared with the intensive one (4,5-6.0 mmol/L). The 90-day mortality is higher in the group of patients with intensive glucose control [10].
read the entire text >>

Edward C, Jauch M, Edward C, Jeffrey L, Harold P, Bruno A, Connors J, Demaerschalk B, Khatri P, McMullan P, Qureshi A, Rosenfield K, Scott P, Summers D, Wang D, Wintermark M, Yonas H on behalf of the American Heart Association Stroke Council, Council on Cardiovascular Nursing, Council on Peripheral Vascular Disease, and Council on Clinical Cardiology,Guidelines for the Early Management of Patients With Acute lschemic Stroke, A Guideline for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association.
Edward C, Jauch M, Edward C, Jeffrey L, Harold P, Bruno A, Connors J, Demaerschalk B, Khatri P, McMullan P, Qureshi A, Rosenfield K, Scott P, Summers D, Wang D, Wintermark M, Yonas H on behalf of the American Heart Association Stroke Council, Council on Cardiovascular Nursing, Council on Peripheral Vascular Disease, and Council on Clinical Cardiology,Guidelines for the Early Management of Patients With Acute lschemic Stroke, A Guideline for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association.
read the entire text >>

The burden of cardiovascular diseases mortality in Europe.
Sans S, Kesteloot H, Kromhout D. The burden of cardiovascular diseases mortality in Europe. Task force of the European Society of Cardiology on cardiovascular mortality and morbidity statistics in Europe.
read the entire text >>

Task force of the European Society of Cardiology on cardiovascular mortality and morbidity statistics in Europe.
Sans S, Kesteloot H, Kromhout D. The burden of cardiovascular diseases mortality in Europe. Task force of the European Society of Cardiology on cardiovascular mortality and morbidity statistics in Europe.
read the entire text >>

Over 50 young doctors and medical students shared their experience on prevention of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases by using ultrasound technologies.
Dr. P. Stoyanov"; Medical University of Pleven, National Sports Academy "V. Levski" and Military Medical Academy Sofia. Over 50 young doctors and medical students shared their experience on prevention of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases by using ultrasound technologies. Вy bringing together representatives from different countries of the European Union and countries neighboring the Union to address this common social problem, the participants overstepped their cultural and national differences in the name of this common humanitarian goal:
read the entire text >>

17. NEUROSONOLOGY AND CEREBRAL HEMODYNAMICS, vol. 10, 2014, No. 2 , , ,

Invited assistant of Neuroanatomy at the Health Sciences Superior Institute (1993-1996); Professor of Neurology and Neurosurgery in the Integrated Master in Medicine at the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto (FMUP) (since 2011); Coordinator of the Curricular Unit of Cerebrovascular Disease of the Doctoral Programme in Cardiovascular Sciences of the FMUP (since 2010); Current supervisor of 5 doctoral theses.
Invited assistant of Neuroanatomy at the Health Sciences Superior Institute (1993-1996); Professor of Neurology and Neurosurgery in the Integrated Master in Medicine at the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto (FMUP) (since 2011); Coordinator of the Curricular Unit of Cerebrovascular Disease of the Doctoral Programme in Cardiovascular Sciences of the FMUP (since 2010); Current supervisor of 5 doctoral theses.
read the entire text >>

Coordinator of the cerebrovascular investigation of the Unit of Cardiovascular Investigation of FMUP (since 2007).
Coordinator of the cerebrovascular investigation of the Unit of Cardiovascular Investigation of FMUP (since 2007). Primary investigation areas: cerebral vascular disease, cerebral hemodynamics, neurosonology and syndrome of orthostatic intolerance / autonomic nervous system; Participated in several investigation projects with other national and international centres, on the described areas, besides coordinating some clinical trials; Organized 93 courses and meetings, some of them international; Held 289 lectures and participated in 276 in scientific presentations. She is author of 197 papers published as abstracts and 55 published as full-texts in national and international journals, 5 chapters of books and edited 4 scientific publications and has received 6 scientific awards. She collaborates with various national and international work groups, within both clinical and investigation projects.
read the entire text >>

Most cardiovascular risk factors, such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, atrial fibrillation, and smoking are not exclusively risk factors for VD, but also for AD.
Aging is often associated with some cognitive impairment. Greater population life expectancy is one explanation for increased incidence of cognitive impairment cases. A large number of people with cognitive impairment and dementia is becoming one of the most important medical and social problems worldwide. Therefore, prevention of cognitive impairment is an imperative. Dementia includes a heterogeneous group of disorders, the most common being Alzheimer's dementia (AD) and Vascular dementia (VD). Most cardiovascular risk factors, such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, atrial fibrillation, and smoking are not exclusively risk factors for VD, but also for AD. Early changes in the blood vessel wall can be detected by early ultrasound screening methods which allow us to detect changes before the disease becomes clinically evident. Early disease detection enables in-time management, and studies have shown that careful control of vascular risk factors can postpone or even reverse disease progression.
read the entire text >>

While cardiovascular risk factors, such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, atrial fibrillation, and smoking, are particularly relevant in the development of VaD, they may also play a role in AD [9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14].
Dementia is a clinical syndrome characterized by the impairment of cognitive functions, such as memory, language, praxis, recognition and executive function, with the loss of functional capacity [8]. Dementia may be caused by a heterogeneous group of disorders, the most common being Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VaD). While cardiovascular risk factors, such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, atrial fibrillation, and smoking, are particularly relevant in the development of VaD, they may also play a role in AD [9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14]. Thus both conditions may represent different spectrums of cerebral vascular disease depending on the extent of microvascular changes [15]. An association between impaired function of cerebral microvessels and cognitive impairment in patients with mild to moderate AD was shown in a study by Silvestrini [16].
read the entire text >>

Because some cardiovascular risk factors are modifiable, investigating the mechanisms by which they contribute to AD pathology and
Because some cardiovascular risk factors are modifiable, investigating the mechanisms by which they contribute to AD pathology and
read the entire text >>

Gorelick PB, Gorelick PB, Scuteri A, Black SE, Decarli C, Greenberg SM, Iadecola C, Launer LJ, Laurent S, Lopez OL, Nyenhuis D, Petersen RC, Schneider JA, Tzourio C, Arnett DK, Bennett DA, Chui HC, Higashida RT, Lindquist R, Nilsson PM, Roman GC, Sellke FW, Seshadri S; American Heart Association Stroke Council, Council on Epidemiology and Prevention, Council on Cardiovascular Nursing, Council
Gorelick PB, Gorelick PB, Scuteri A, Black SE, Decarli C, Greenberg SM, Iadecola C, Launer LJ, Laurent S, Lopez OL, Nyenhuis D, Petersen RC, Schneider JA, Tzourio C, Arnett DK, Bennett DA, Chui HC, Higashida RT, Lindquist R, Nilsson PM, Roman GC, Sellke FW, Seshadri S; American Heart Association Stroke Council, Council on Epidemiology and Prevention, Council on Cardiovascular Nursing, Council
read the entire text >>

on Cardiovascular Radiology and Intervention, and Council on Cardiovascular Surgery and Anesthesia.
on Cardiovascular Radiology and Intervention, and Council on Cardiovascular Surgery and Anesthesia. Vascular Contributions to Cognitive Impairment and Dementia: A Statement for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association.
read the entire text >>

Cardiovascular disease and cognitive performance in middle-aged and elderly men.
Muller M, Grobbee DE,Aleman A, Bots M, Van Der Schouw YT. Cardiovascular disease and cognitive performance in middle-aged and elderly men.
read the entire text >>

At least, the risk for complications such as aspiration, cardiovascular problems, diabetic control, fall with fractures, frozen shoulder and others are very high.
After stroke, nearly all patients are affected in a complex manner: motoric dysfunctions, restriction of upper extremity functionality, broad ranges of neuropsychological deficits, communication and swallowing problems, post-stroke depression etc. Each system has their own temporal development during the rehabilitation process (e.g. degeneration of the pyramidal tract, recovery, neuroendocrinological adaption). Thus, it is not simple to focus therapeutic management only on one aspect of the dysfunction. At least, the risk for complications such as aspiration, cardiovascular problems, diabetic control, fall with fractures, frozen shoulder and others are very high.
read the entire text >>

European Cardiovascular Disease Statistics 2012 Edition, 2012.
Nichols M TN, Luengo-Fernandez R, Leal J, Gray A, Scarborough P, Rayner M. European Cardiovascular Disease Statistics 2012 Edition, 2012.
read the entire text >>

The impaired VMR is associated with risk of mortality, cardiovascular or noncardiovascular, regardless of the presence or absence of stroke.
The basic clinical application of the tests for estimation of the cerebral VMR is in carotid pathology – stenoses or thromboses of the internal carotid arteries. Meta-analyses of prospective studies in a great number of patients with asymptomatic or symptomatic high-grade carotid stenosis or occlusion and decreased VMR have shown significantly increased risk of stroke or transient ischemic attacks [12, 17, 21]. The impaired VMR is associated with risk of mortality, cardiovascular or noncardiovascular, regardless of the presence or absence of stroke. In these cases the VMR is discussed to reflect the existence of systemic vascular damage [25]. A prospective study with evaluation of the VMR on admission and after 6 months in patients with acute stroke and symptomatic intracranial or extracranial stenosis shows better VMR values from the ipsilateral hemisphere in the patients with extracranial than with intractranial stenosis. The VMR measures from admission correlated positively with the Barthel index on the 6th month [29]. The impairment of the hemodynamic reserve capacity is frequently observed in patients with multiple asymptomatic subcortical infarctions, the results suggesting vasculopathy of the small vessels and hypoperfusion pathogenetic mechanism of their origin. When investigating patients with cerebral infarctions and symptomatic carotid stenoses Jolnic W.
read the entire text >>

18. NEUROSONOLOGY AND CEREBRAL HEMODYNAMICS, vol. 11, 2015, No. 1 , , ,

Analysis of the data from recent years shows three major trends in stroke morbidity and mortality in Bulgaria: (1) As compared to 2005, the number of deaths from cardiovascular diseases in 2012 increased with 9.2/100 000 population but the death rates from stroke decreased with 19.6 per 100 000 population; (2) The number of women with ischemic stroke increased from 50.5% in 2010 to 52.7% in 2013; (3) For the same period the number of patients of both sexes with ischemic stroke under the age of 55 decreased from 9.2% to 8.1%.
Over decades stroke is a leading cause of mortality and disability in Bulgaria. The country ranks first in EU in terms of stroke mortality rates according to the Health Strategy 2014–2020. Analysis of the data from recent years shows three major trends in stroke morbidity and mortality in Bulgaria: (1) As compared to 2005, the number of deaths from cardiovascular diseases in 2012 increased with 9.2/100 000 population but the death rates from stroke decreased with 19.6 per 100 000 population; (2) The number of women with ischemic stroke increased from 50.5% in 2010 to 52.7% in 2013; (3) For the same period the number of patients of both sexes with ischemic stroke under the age of 55 decreased from 9.2% to 8.1%. These trends are associated with a demographic aging process with increasing life expectancy of the Bulgarian population, improved diagnostics of cardiovascular diseases and implementation of endovascular coronary treatment at younger age. Although the number of venous thrombolyses as a specific treatment of acute ischemic stroke in Bulgaria is growing, its frequency remains significantly lower than the recommended minimum and represents less than 0.4% of the new stroke cases per year. The endovascular procedures in hemorrhagic stroke are also very low – approximately 0.5–1.4% per year. Efforts are needed for adequate financing of the health care facilities, professional training of human resources and education of the population by creating unified national strategy as a state health policy.
read the entire text >>

These trends are associated with a demographic aging process with increasing life expectancy of the Bulgarian population, improved diagnostics of cardiovascular diseases and implementation of endovascular coronary treatment at younger age.
Over decades stroke is a leading cause of mortality and disability in Bulgaria. The country ranks first in EU in terms of stroke mortality rates according to the Health Strategy 2014–2020. Analysis of the data from recent years shows three major trends in stroke morbidity and mortality in Bulgaria: (1) As compared to 2005, the number of deaths from cardiovascular diseases in 2012 increased with 9.2/100 000 population but the death rates from stroke decreased with 19.6 per 100 000 population; (2) The number of women with ischemic stroke increased from 50.5% in 2010 to 52.7% in 2013; (3) For the same period the number of patients of both sexes with ischemic stroke under the age of 55 decreased from 9.2% to 8.1%. These trends are associated with a demographic aging process with increasing life expectancy of the Bulgarian population, improved diagnostics of cardiovascular diseases and implementation of endovascular coronary treatment at younger age. Although the number of venous thrombolyses as a specific treatment of acute ischemic stroke in Bulgaria is growing, its frequency remains significantly lower than the recommended minimum and represents less than 0.4% of the new stroke cases per year. The endovascular procedures in hemorrhagic stroke are also very low – approximately 0.5–1.4% per year. Efforts are needed for adequate financing of the health care facilities, professional training of human resources and education of the population by creating unified national strategy as a state health policy.
read the entire text >>

In Bulgaria cerebrovascular disease is the second cause of death preceded only by cardiovascular disease [3].
www.europa.eu, Bulgaria has one of the darkest demographics among the countries in the EU. At the end of 2013 the country had the highest general mortality – 14.4 per 1000 population [5] and was in leading positions in stroke mortality – every fifthsixth man and every fourth-fifth woman died from stroke (in Europe – every tenth man and every seventh woman) [10, 13], the morbidity and mortality of stroke being significantly higher among the rural population [17]. In Bulgaria cerebrovascular disease is the second cause of death preceded only by cardiovascular disease [3]. Globally the country ranks third in incidence of stroke and age-standardized statistics gives it the 21st place [18].
read the entire text >>

Compared to 2005, in 2012 the number of deaths from cardiovascular diseases increased by 9.2/100 000 population, for the same period stroke mortality decreased by 19.6/100 000 population.
Compared to 2005, in 2012 the number of deaths from cardiovascular diseases increased by 9.2/100 000 population, for the same period stroke mortality decreased by 19.6/100 000 population. The comparative analysis of standardized death rates from cerebrovascular disease shows that unlike 2000 and 2005, when Bulgaria occupied the third and second place in the EU, in 2010 and 2013 the country took the first place with 178.62 and 160.30 per 100 000 standardized population;
read the entire text >>

These trends are associated with the process of population aging in Bulgaria with men having a lower life expectancy, the improved diagnosis of cardiovascular disease and the possibility of thrombolytic and/or endovascular treatment at a younger age (fig.
These trends are associated with the process of population aging in Bulgaria with men having a lower life expectancy, the improved diagnosis of cardiovascular disease and the possibility of thrombolytic and/or endovascular treatment at a younger age (fig. 2) [19].
read the entire text >>

European Cardiovascular Disease Statistics 2012.
Nichols M, Townsend N, Luengo-Fernandez R, Leal J, Gray A, Scarborough Р, Rayner M. European Cardiovascular Disease Statistics 2012. Department of Рublic Health, University of Oxford, 2012.
read the entire text >>

Cardiovascular disease in Europe: epidemiological update.
Nichols M, Townsend N, Scarborough Р, Rayner M. Cardiovascular disease in Europe: epidemiological update.
read the entire text >>

19. NEUROSONOLOGY AND CEREBRAL HEMODYNAMICS, vol. 11, 2015, No. 2 , , ,

Some studies have shown that in patients with cryptogenic ischemic stroke, IMC thickness positively correlates with the degree of systemic atherosclerosis development, and IMC thickness > 0.78mm is considered indicative of the search for cardiovascular sources of embolus as causes of ischemic stroke [9].
A positive correlation between IMC thickness and time of MES appearance in the cerebral arteries was also observed. Some studies have shown that in patients with cryptogenic ischemic stroke, IMC thickness positively correlates with the degree of systemic atherosclerosis development, and IMC thickness > 0.78mm is considered indicative of the search for cardiovascular sources of embolus as causes of ischemic stroke [9]. With regard to this fact, the results could be explained by the fact that pronounced thickening of IMC in the carotid arteries attributes to a more pronounced and diffuse atherosclerotic process that leads to certain hemodynamic changes in cerebral circulation, even in the absence of high-grade carotid stenosis (most of our subjects had a diameter stenosis of the carotid artery up to 50%).
read the entire text >>

Use of Carotid Intima-Media Thickness to Identify Patients With Ischemic Stroke and Transient Ischemic Attack With Low Yield of Cardiovascular Sources of Embolus on Transesophageal Echocardiography.
Ward PR, Lammertin G, Virnich DE et al. Use of Carotid Intima-Media Thickness to Identify Patients With Ischemic Stroke and Transient Ischemic Attack With Low Yield of Cardiovascular Sources of Embolus on Transesophageal Echocardiography.
read the entire text >>

Spectral analysis of heart rate variability is a noninvasive method for quantitative evaluation of neural cardiovascular control and study of changes in the activity of the autonomic nervous system at rest and during functional effects.
Spectral analysis of heart rate variability is a noninvasive method for quantitative evaluation of neural cardiovascular control and study of changes in the activity of the autonomic nervous system at rest and during functional effects. The components of the heart rate variability assess the extent of the autonomic modulation and reflect distortions in baroreflex activity and autonomic dysfunction. Heart rate variability in short electrocardiographic recordings shows three typical peaks in the very low (0 to 0.04 Hz; VLF), low (0.04 to 0.15 Hz; LF) and respiratory or high (0.15 to 0.40 Hz; HF) frequency bands. Respiratory HF frequencies of R-R interval fluctuations reflect vagal efferent pathway to the heart, i.e. fluctuations in vagal activity. Low frequencies (LF) of the R-R intervals characterize sympathetic neural spectrum [11].
read the entire text >>

During orthostatic, deep breathing and cold tests the patients with scleroderma maintained similar heart rate variability, suggesting impaired baroreceptor and thermoregulatory modulation of the autonomic control and cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction.
compared to those in primary Raynaud's phenomenon, and healthy persons. During orthostatic, deep breathing and cold tests the patients with scleroderma maintained similar heart rate variability, suggesting impaired baroreceptor and thermoregulatory modulation of the autonomic control and cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction. The sympathetic activity was increased in the patients with scleroderma. A state of sympathetic arousal is suggested because of a reliable reduction of heart rate variability [16]. Reliable abnormalities in cardiovascular reflexes with sympathetic and parasympathetic dysfunctions suggestive of autonomic neuropathy in scleroderma have been described by other authors [7, 8, 13, 15].
read the entire text >>

Reliable abnormalities in cardiovascular reflexes with sympathetic and parasympathetic dysfunctions suggestive of autonomic neuropathy in scleroderma have been described by other authors [7, 8, 13, 15].
compared to those in primary Raynaud's phenomenon, and healthy persons. During orthostatic, deep breathing and cold tests the patients with scleroderma maintained similar heart rate variability, suggesting impaired baroreceptor and thermoregulatory modulation of the autonomic control and cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction. The sympathetic activity was increased in the patients with scleroderma. A state of sympathetic arousal is suggested because of a reliable reduction of heart rate variability [16]. Reliable abnormalities in cardiovascular reflexes with sympathetic and parasympathetic dysfunctions suggestive of autonomic neuropathy in scleroderma have been described by other authors [7, 8, 13, 15].
read the entire text >>

Hemodynamics in postural changes causes autonomic neural responses of the cardiovascular system, which buffers the fluctuations in blood pressure and causes baroreflex-mediated effects [12].
Hemodynamics in postural changes causes autonomic neural responses of the cardiovascular system, which buffers the fluctuations in blood pressure and causes baroreflex-mediated effects [12]. Cardiovascular autonomic functions in response to gravity-related baroreceptor stimulation showed enhanced sympathetic response in the first control and second vRP groups and suppressed reactivity in the fourth sclRP group. Hyperreactivity to orthostatic and cold tests was observed in pRP, confirming increased activity of the sympathetic nervous system. Patients with pRp have normal heart rate variability, but sympathetic hyperactivity to functional stimulation.
read the entire text >>

Cardiovascular autonomic functions in response to gravity-related baroreceptor stimulation showed enhanced sympathetic response in the first control and second vRP groups and suppressed reactivity in the fourth sclRP group.
Hemodynamics in postural changes causes autonomic neural responses of the cardiovascular system, which buffers the fluctuations in blood pressure and causes baroreflex-mediated effects [12]. Cardiovascular autonomic functions in response to gravity-related baroreceptor stimulation showed enhanced sympathetic response in the first control and second vRP groups and suppressed reactivity in the fourth sclRP group. Hyperreactivity to orthostatic and cold tests was observed in pRP, confirming increased activity of the sympathetic nervous system. Patients with pRp have normal heart rate variability, but sympathetic hyperactivity to functional stimulation.
read the entire text >>

Autonomic stimulation and cardiovascular reflex activity in the hand-arm vibration syndrome.
Bovenzi M. Autonomic stimulation and cardiovascular reflex activity in the hand-arm vibration syndrome.
read the entire text >>

Effects of aging on cardiovascular responses to gravity-related fluid shift in humans.
Miwa C, Sugiyama Y, Mano T, Matsukawa T, Iwase S, Watanabe T, Kobayashi F. Effects of aging on cardiovascular responses to gravity-related fluid shift in humans.
read the entire text >>

Innovations in the Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases.
Innovations in the Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases.
read the entire text >>

Hypothyroidism and Metabolic Syndrome – Phathophysiology and Cardiovascular Risk.
Hypothyroidism and Metabolic Syndrome – Phathophysiology and Cardiovascular Risk.
read the entire text >>

P27 Cardiovascular Autonomic Dysfunction in Multiple Sclerosis.
P27 Cardiovascular Autonomic Dysfunction in Multiple Sclerosis.
read the entire text >>

trends in stroke morbidity and mortality in Bulgaria: (1) As compared to 2005, the number of deaths from cardiovascular diseases in 2012 increased with 9.2/100 000 population but the death rates from stroke decreased with 19.6 per 100 000 population; (2) The number of women with ischemic stroke increased from 50.5% in 2010 to 52.7% in 2013; (3) For the same period the number of patients of both sexes with ischemic stroke under the age of 55 decreased from 9.2% to 8.1%.
trends in stroke morbidity and mortality in Bulgaria: (1) As compared to 2005, the number of deaths from cardiovascular diseases in 2012 increased with 9.2/100 000 population but the death rates from stroke decreased with 19.6 per 100 000 population; (2) The number of women with ischemic stroke increased from 50.5% in 2010 to 52.7% in 2013; (3) For the same period the number of patients of both sexes with ischemic stroke under the age of 55 decreased from 9.2% to 8.1%. These trends are associated with a demographic aging process with increasing life expectancy of the Bulgarian population, improved diagnostics of cardiovascular diseases and implementation of endovascular coronary treatment at younger age. Although the number of venous thrombolyses as a specific treatment of acute ischemic stroke in Bulgaria is growing, its frequency remains significantly lower than the recommended minimum and represents less than 0.4% of the new stroke cases per year. The endovascular procedures in hemorrhagic stroke are also very low – approximately 0.5– 1.4% per year. Efforts are needed for adequate financing of the health care facilities, professional training of human resources and education of the population by creating unified national strategy as a state health policy.
read the entire text >>

These trends are associated with a demographic aging process with increasing life expectancy of the Bulgarian population, improved diagnostics of cardiovascular diseases and implementation of endovascular coronary treatment at younger age.
trends in stroke morbidity and mortality in Bulgaria: (1) As compared to 2005, the number of deaths from cardiovascular diseases in 2012 increased with 9.2/100 000 population but the death rates from stroke decreased with 19.6 per 100 000 population; (2) The number of women with ischemic stroke increased from 50.5% in 2010 to 52.7% in 2013; (3) For the same period the number of patients of both sexes with ischemic stroke under the age of 55 decreased from 9.2% to 8.1%. These trends are associated with a demographic aging process with increasing life expectancy of the Bulgarian population, improved diagnostics of cardiovascular diseases and implementation of endovascular coronary treatment at younger age. Although the number of venous thrombolyses as a specific treatment of acute ischemic stroke in Bulgaria is growing, its frequency remains significantly lower than the recommended minimum and represents less than 0.4% of the new stroke cases per year. The endovascular procedures in hemorrhagic stroke are also very low – approximately 0.5– 1.4% per year. Efforts are needed for adequate financing of the health care facilities, professional training of human resources and education of the population by creating unified national strategy as a state health policy.
read the entire text >>

INNOVATIONS IN THE TREATMENT OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES
INNOVATIONS IN THE TREATMENT OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES
read the entire text >>

The innovations in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases give new opportunities for patients otherwise left untreated or treated unsuccessfully.
The innovations in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases give new opportunities for patients otherwise left untreated or treated unsuccessfully.
read the entire text >>

Long-term results of the ABSORB study showed that on the fifth year of follow-up of 30 patients with implanted Absorb BVS, no stent thrombosis, need for revascularization as a result of in-stent restenosis and death due to cardiovascular event were reported.
The bio-absorbable stents are considered the third revolution in stent technology (after the development of the first bare metal stents and the first drug eluting stents). Long-term results of the ABSORB study showed that on the fifth year of follow-up of 30 patients with implanted Absorb BVS, no stent thrombosis, need for revascularization as a result of in-stent restenosis and death due to cardiovascular event were reported. Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors are a new opportunity for better lipid control in patients intolerable to statins or with poor control with the maximum tolerated statin dose. The three major trials for evolucomab (PCSK9 inhibitor) show a mean of 57% lowering
read the entire text >>

cardiovascular diseases, innovations, treatment.
cardiovascular diseases, innovations, treatment.
read the entire text >>

Cardiovascular diseases are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide.
Cardiovascular diseases are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite advances in medical treatment and cath-based therapy for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) the mortality rate on the first year is 13% and the 5-year prognosis for patients to develop heart failure (HF) is 50%. Left ventricular systolic dysfunction after STEMI is a major determinant of prognosis and is associated with significant loss of cardiomyocytes. Cell transplantation is a new therapeutical approach in patients with HF after a myocardial infarction. Most of the trials used intra-coronary delivery of bone marrow stem cells, following successful stenting of the infarct-related artery. The improvement in the LVEF, reduction in size of scar tissue and reduction in cardiac volume were markers to assess the efficacy of cell therapy.
read the entire text >>

HYPOTHYROIDISM AND METABOLIC SYNDROME – PHATHOPHYSIOLOGY AND CARDIOVASCULAR RISK
HYPOTHYROIDISM AND METABOLIC SYNDROME – PHATHOPHYSIOLOGY AND CARDIOVASCULAR RISK
read the entire text >>

However the prevention of DM2 and cardiovascular complications in older people (lifestyle/exercise programme), especially those with pre-diabetes has to be an earlier step.
Rationale for high quality diabetes care for older people is oriented to treatment of high glucose levels, blood pressure and lipids. However the prevention of DM2 and cardiovascular complications in older people (lifestyle/exercise programme), especially those with pre-diabetes has to be an earlier step.
read the entire text >>

The patient was tested for 17 mutation/polymorphism of genes associated with cardiovascular diseases by methods of reverse hybridization (DNA isolated from white blood cells).
The patient was tested for 17 mutation/polymorphism of genes associated with cardiovascular diseases by methods of reverse hybridization (DNA isolated from white blood cells). He was genotyped as heterozygous for mutation V34L (F XIII), endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase (eNOS), 786 gene and Lymphotoxin alpha (LTA).
read the entire text >>

CARDIOVASCULAR АUTONOMIC
CARDIOVASCULAR АUTONOMIC
read the entire text >>

Autonomic dysfunction in multiple sclerosis (MS) is most often presented with urinary symptoms, while cardiovascular are less frequently reported.
Autonomic dysfunction in multiple sclerosis (MS) is most often presented with urinary symptoms, while cardiovascular are less frequently reported. They can be evaluated with cardiovascular autonomic tests.
read the entire text >>

They can be evaluated with cardiovascular autonomic tests.
Autonomic dysfunction in multiple sclerosis (MS) is most often presented with urinary symptoms, while cardiovascular are less frequently reported. They can be evaluated with cardiovascular autonomic tests.
read the entire text >>

To investigate the alterations in the cardiovascular autonomic function in patients with MS and to correlate them with the type, severity and duration of the disease.
To investigate the alterations in the cardiovascular autonomic function in patients with MS and to correlate them with the type, severity and duration of the disease.
read the entire text >>

20. NEUROSONOLOGY AND CEREBRAL HEMODYNAMICS, vol. 12, 2016, No. 1 , , ,

Aggressive treatment of vascular risk factors can reduce cardiovascular events in patients with carotid artery disease.
Aggressive treatment of vascular risk factors can reduce cardiovascular events in patients with carotid artery disease. It is necessary that blood pressure is below 140/90 mm Hg. Further, it is advisable to maintain the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) – cholesterol value less than 100 mg/dl, triglyceride levels less than 150 mg/ dl and increase HDL levels more than 40 mg/ dl with lipid-lowering agents such as statins. Weight loss, exercise, dietary precautions and smoking cessation are also extremely important. Treatment with statins lowers stroke risk by approximately 30% [13]. Atorvastatin reduced LDL levels to
read the entire text >>

21. NEUROSONOLOGY AND CEREBRAL HEMODYNAMICS, vol. 12, 2016, No. 2 , , ,

There are insufficient evidences for the effect of specific kinesitherapeutic methods for stroke patients to improve and maintain a stable state of motor, respiratory and cardiovascular functions on the background of persistent neurological disabilities and to improve the adaptation of the organism under the influence of purposeful physical activity.
There are insufficient evidences for the effect of specific kinesitherapeutic methods for stroke patients to improve and maintain a stable state of motor, respiratory and cardiovascular functions on the background of persistent neurological disabilities and to improve the adaptation of the organism under the influence of purposeful physical activity. With few exceptions, we have no sufficiently developed and implemented objective tests to assess functional disorders after stroke.
read the entire text >>

22. NEUROSONOLOGY AND CEREBRAL HEMODYNAMICS, vol. 13, 2017, No. 1 , , ,

Developed in collaboration with the american association for thoracic surgery, society of cardiovascular anesthesiologists, and society of thoracic surgeons.
Hillis LD, Smith PK, Anderson JL, Bittl JA, Bridges CR, Byrne JG, Cigarroa JE, Disesa VJ, Hiratzka LF, Hutter AM, Jr., Jessen ME, Keeley EC, Lahey SJ, Lange RA, London MJ, Mack MJ, Patel MR, Puskas JD, Sabik JF, Selnes O, Shahian DM, Trost JC, Winniford MD. 2011 accf/aha guideline for coronary artery bypass graft surgery. A report of the american college of cardiology foundation/american heart association task force on practice guidelines. Developed in collaboration with the american association for thoracic surgery, society of cardiovascular anesthesiologists, and society of thoracic surgeons.
read the entire text >>

Use of carotid ultrasound to identify subclinical vascular disease and evaluate cardiovascular disease risk: A consensus statement from the american society of echocardiography carotid intima-media thickness task force.
Stein JH, Korcarz CE, Hurst RT, Lonn E, Kendall CB, Mohler ER, Najjar SS, Rembold CM, Post WS. Use of carotid ultrasound to identify subclinical vascular disease and evaluate cardiovascular disease risk: A consensus statement from the american society of echocardiography carotid intima-media thickness task force. Endorsed by the society for vascular medicine.
read the entire text >>

Continuation of antihypertensive drugs did not reduce 2-week death or dependence, cardiovascular event rate or mortality at 6 months.
Taking into account that about 50% of patients with acute stroke are taking antihypertensive drugs on hospital admission, Robinson et al. conducted a multicentre, prospective, randomized, open, blinded-endpoint trial on 763 patients to determine the efficacy and safety of continuing or stopping pre-existing antihypertensive drugs (COSSACS study) in patients who had recently had a stroke. In 379 patients antihypertensive therapy was continued, and in 384 it was stopped. Continuation of antihypertensive drugs did not reduce 2-week death or dependence, cardiovascular event rate or mortality at 6 months. Lower blood pressure levels in those who continued antihypertensive treatment
read the entire text >>

Magnetic three-dimensional bioprinting is mainly used in the pharmaceutical industry to screen for cardiovascular toxicity caused by drugs and drug substances.
Nowadays, the use of threedimensional bioprinting is primarily experimental and rarely clinical. In experimental conditions, drugs and chemical substances are being tested on bioprinting tissues and mini organs (hearts, liver, lungs, etc.), eliminating the need for experimental animals [5]. Magnetic three-dimensional bioprinting is mainly used in the pharmaceutical industry to screen for cardiovascular toxicity caused by drugs and drug substances. In clinical practice the application of three-dimensional bioprinting is limited to multilayer skin, bones, vascular grafts, trachea, heart tissue and valves printing, etc. [24, 32].
read the entire text >>

23. NEUROSONOLOGY AND CEREBRAL HEMODYNAMICS, vol. 13, 2017, No. 2 , , ,

The combination of healthy lifestyle factors is associated with lower risk of coronary heart disease, diabetes, and total cardiovascular disease.
The combination of healthy lifestyle factors is associated with lower risk of coronary heart disease, diabetes, and total cardiovascular disease. A prospective cohort study [3] among 43 685 men from the Health Professionals Follow-up Study and 71 243 women from the Nurses’ Health Study evaluated diet and other lifestyle factors. Low-risk lifestyle was defined as: not smoking, a body mass index 30 min/d of moderate activity, modest alcohol consumption (men, 5-30 g/d; women, 5-15 g/d), and scoring within the top 40% of a healthy diet score. There were 1559 strokes (853 ischemic, 278 hemorrhagic) among women and 994 strokes (600 ischemic,
read the entire text >>

Plant food intake (whole grains, refined grains, fruit, vegetables, nuts or legumes) was inversely related to elevated blood pressure (EBP) after adjustment for age, sex, race, center, energy intake, cardiovascular disease risk factors, and other potential confounding factors.
Among men, the relative risks were 0.31 (95% CI, 0.19, 0.53) for total and 0.20 (95% CI, 0.10, 0.42) for ischemic stroke for the same comparison. Among the women, 47% (95% CI, 18 to 69) of total and 54% (95% CI, 15 to 78%) of ischemic stroke cases were attributable to lack of adherence to a low-risk lifestyle; among the men, 35% (95% CI, 7 to 58) of total and 52% (95% CI, 19 to 75) of ischemic stroke may have been prevented. A low-risk lifestyle, associated with a reduced risk of multiple chronic diseases also may be beneficial in the prevention of stroke, especially ischemic stroke. Consumption of plant foods and dairy and meat products may moderate increases in blood pressure. Association of dietary intake with 15-y incidence of elevated blood pressure was evaluated in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study (26) of 4304 participants. Plant food intake (whole grains, refined grains, fruit, vegetables, nuts or legumes) was inversely related to elevated blood pressure (EBP) after adjustment for age, sex, race, center, energy intake, cardiovascular disease risk factors, and other potential confounding factors. Compared with quintile 1, the relative hazards of EBP for quintiles 2–5 of plant food intake were 0.83 (95%
read the entire text >>

Meta-analysis of 12 studies (25) (n=1574299) evaluating the association of the adherence to a Mediterranean diet and the mortality and incidence of major cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and chronic neurodegenerative diseases showed that the greater adherence to a Mediterranean diet was associated with significant reduction in overall mortality (9%), mortality from CVD (9%), incidence of or mortality from cancer (6%), and incidence of Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease (13%) [25].
Meta-analysis of 12 studies (25) (n=1574299) evaluating the association of the adherence to a Mediterranean diet and the mortality and incidence of major cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and chronic neurodegenerative diseases showed that the greater adherence to a Mediterranean diet was associated with significant reduction in overall mortality (9%), mortality from CVD (9%), incidence of or mortality from cancer (6%), and incidence of Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease (13%) [25]. Mediterranean Diet and Incidence and Mortality from Coronary Heart Disease and Stroke in Women study [12] was performed in 4886 women, with no history of cardiovascular disease and diabetes (Nurses’ Health Study) and followed up. Alternate Mediterranean Diet Score (aMED), focusing on higher consumption of plant foods, including plant proteins, monounsaturated fat, fish and lower consumption of animal products and saturated fat ranged from 0 to 9, with a higher score representing closer resemblance to the
read the entire text >>

Mediterranean Diet and Incidence and Mortality from Coronary Heart Disease and Stroke in Women study [12] was performed in 4886 women, with no history of cardiovascular disease and diabetes (Nurses’ Health Study) and followed up.
Meta-analysis of 12 studies (25) (n=1574299) evaluating the association of the adherence to a Mediterranean diet and the mortality and incidence of major cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and chronic neurodegenerative diseases showed that the greater adherence to a Mediterranean diet was associated with significant reduction in overall mortality (9%), mortality from CVD (9%), incidence of or mortality from cancer (6%), and incidence of Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease (13%) [25]. Mediterranean Diet and Incidence and Mortality from Coronary Heart Disease and Stroke in Women study [12] was performed in 4886 women, with no history of cardiovascular disease and diabetes (Nurses’ Health Study) and followed up. Alternate Mediterranean Diet Score (aMED), focusing on higher consumption of plant foods, including plant proteins, monounsaturated fat, fish and lower consumption of animal products and saturated fat ranged from 0 to 9, with a higher score representing closer resemblance to the
read the entire text >>

There were 1077 cardiovascular disease deaths (fatal CHD and strokes combined) [15]. Long-chain
Mediterranean diet. Results demonstrated 2391 incident cases of CHD (1597-nonfatal and 794-fatal), 1763 incident cases of stroke (959 ischemic, 329 hemorrhagic and 475 unclassified). Of all strokes, 1480 cases were nonfatal and 283 cases were fatal. There were 1077 cardiovascular disease deaths (fatal CHD and strokes combined) [15]. Long-chain
read the entire text >>

Fish is considered to be an excellent source of proteins with low saturated fat (taurine, arginine, glutamine-known to regulate cardiovascular function)' and some nutritious trace elements (selenium and calcium) which may directly or indirectly provide cardiovascular benefits, alone or in combination with LCn3PUFAs and vitamins (vitamin D and B).
-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCn3PUFAs): eicosapentaenoic acids (EPA), docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in fish are the key nutrients responsible for the cardioprotective benefits and CVD prevention. Beneficial effects of fish consumption on the risk of CVD are derived from synergistic effects among nutrients in fish. Fish is considered to be an excellent source of proteins with low saturated fat (taurine, arginine, glutamine-known to regulate cardiovascular function)' and some nutritious trace elements (selenium and calcium) which may directly or indirectly provide cardiovascular benefits, alone or in combination with LCn3PUFAs and vitamins (vitamin D and B). Interactions between LCn3PUFAs and other nutrients, including nutritious trace elements and vitamins and amino acids are important in reducing the risk of CVD. Overall favorable effect is observed on: lipid profiles, threshold for arrhythmias, platelet activity, inflammation and endothelial function, atherosclerosis and hypertension. The American Heart Association recommends eating fish (particularly fatty fish) at least 2 times a week. Fish consumption may be inversely associated with ischemic stroke but not with hemorrhagic stroke, because of the potential antiplatelet aggregation property of LCn3PUFAs. A meta-analysis of 8 independent prospective cohort studies which included 200575 subjects and 3491 stroke events showed that individuals with higher fish intake had lower risk of total stroke, compared with those who never consumed fish or ate fish less than once per month.
read the entire text >>

Cardiovascular Health Study [27] evaluated 3660 subjects aged over 65 who underwent an MRI scan to associate fish consumption and risk of subclinical brain abnormalities on MRI in older adults.
Fish consumption may be inversely associated with ischemic stroke but not with hemorrhagic stroke, because of the potential antiplatelet aggregation property of LCn3PUFAs. A meta-analysis of 8 independent prospective cohort studies which included 200575 subjects and 3491 stroke events showed that individuals with higher fish intake had lower risk of total stroke, compared with those who never consumed fish or ate fish less than once per month. The reduction in risk of total stroke was statistically significant for fish intake once per week; for individuals who ate fish 5 times or more per week, the risk of stroke was lowered by 31%. The risk of ischemic stroke was also significantly reduced by eating fish twice per month. It has been suggested that broiled and baked fish, but not fried fish and fish sandwiches, are associated with a lower incidence of atrial fibrillation (AF) and ischemic heart disease. Cardiovascular Health Study [27] evaluated 3660 subjects aged over 65 who underwent an MRI scan to associate fish consumption and risk of subclinical brain abnormalities on MRI in older adults. Among older adults, modest consumption of tuna/other fish, but not fried fish, was associated with lower prevalence of subclinical infarcts and white matter abnormalities on MRI examinations. Tuna or other fish consumption was also associated
read the entire text >>

Debate still lingers regarding the true long term beneficial cardiovascular effects of chocolate overall.
Consumption of chocolate has been often hypothesized to reduce the risk of CVD due to chocolate's high levels of stearic acid and antioxidant flavonoids. Reviewing studies [20] on chocolate and stroke involving 44 489 subjects who ate one serving of chocolate per week, showed that subjects who consumed chocolate were less likely to have a stroke than people who ate no chocolate; observed stroke risk reduction was 22%. People who consumed 50 g of chocolate once a week were less likely to die following a stroke than people who did not eat chocolate by 46% [6]. Debate still lingers regarding the true long term beneficial cardiovascular effects of chocolate overall. Flavonoid content of chocolate may reduce the risk of cardiovascular mortality. Review of MEDLINE publications [24] for experimental, observational, and clinical studies of relations between cocoa, cacao, chocolate, stearic acid, flavonoids (including flavonols, flavanols, catechins, epicatechins, and procynadins) and the risk of cardiovascular disease (coronary heart disease, stroke) showed that cocoa and chocolate may exert beneficial effects on cardiovascular risk via effects on lowering blood pressure, antiinflammation, anti-platelet function, higher HDL, decreased LDL oxidation.
read the entire text >>

Flavonoid content of chocolate may reduce the risk of cardiovascular mortality.
Consumption of chocolate has been often hypothesized to reduce the risk of CVD due to chocolate's high levels of stearic acid and antioxidant flavonoids. Reviewing studies [20] on chocolate and stroke involving 44 489 subjects who ate one serving of chocolate per week, showed that subjects who consumed chocolate were less likely to have a stroke than people who ate no chocolate; observed stroke risk reduction was 22%. People who consumed 50 g of chocolate once a week were less likely to die following a stroke than people who did not eat chocolate by 46% [6]. Debate still lingers regarding the true long term beneficial cardiovascular effects of chocolate overall. Flavonoid content of chocolate may reduce the risk of cardiovascular mortality. Review of MEDLINE publications [24] for experimental, observational, and clinical studies of relations between cocoa, cacao, chocolate, stearic acid, flavonoids (including flavonols, flavanols, catechins, epicatechins, and procynadins) and the risk of cardiovascular disease (coronary heart disease, stroke) showed that cocoa and chocolate may exert beneficial effects on cardiovascular risk via effects on lowering blood pressure, antiinflammation, anti-platelet function, higher HDL, decreased LDL oxidation.
read the entire text >>

Review of MEDLINE publications [24] for experimental, observational, and clinical studies of relations between cocoa, cacao, chocolate, stearic acid, flavonoids (including flavonols, flavanols, catechins, epicatechins, and procynadins) and the risk of cardiovascular disease (coronary heart disease, stroke) showed that cocoa and chocolate may exert beneficial effects on cardiovascular risk via effects on lowering blood pressure, antiinflammation, anti-platelet function, higher HDL, decreased LDL oxidation.
Consumption of chocolate has been often hypothesized to reduce the risk of CVD due to chocolate's high levels of stearic acid and antioxidant flavonoids. Reviewing studies [20] on chocolate and stroke involving 44 489 subjects who ate one serving of chocolate per week, showed that subjects who consumed chocolate were less likely to have a stroke than people who ate no chocolate; observed stroke risk reduction was 22%. People who consumed 50 g of chocolate once a week were less likely to die following a stroke than people who did not eat chocolate by 46% [6]. Debate still lingers regarding the true long term beneficial cardiovascular effects of chocolate overall. Flavonoid content of chocolate may reduce the risk of cardiovascular mortality. Review of MEDLINE publications [24] for experimental, observational, and clinical studies of relations between cocoa, cacao, chocolate, stearic acid, flavonoids (including flavonols, flavanols, catechins, epicatechins, and procynadins) and the risk of cardiovascular disease (coronary heart disease, stroke) showed that cocoa and chocolate may exert beneficial effects on cardiovascular risk via effects on lowering blood pressure, antiinflammation, anti-platelet function, higher HDL, decreased LDL oxidation.
read the entire text >>

Chocolate and Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease:
Ding EL, Hutfless SM, Ding X, Girotra S. Chocolate and Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease:
read the entire text >>

Nutrition, Metabolism & Cardiovascular Diseases
Nutrition, Metabolism & Cardiovascular Diseases
read the entire text >>

Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease with Mediterranean Diet.
Estruch R. et all ( PREDIMED study group). Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease with Mediterranean Diet.
read the entire text >>

He K.Fish, Long-Chain Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease—Eat Fish or Take Fish Oil Supplement?
He K.Fish, Long-Chain Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease—Eat Fish or Take Fish Oil Supplement?
read the entire text >>

Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases
Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases
read the entire text >>

Habitual chocolate consumption and risk of cardiovascular disease among healthy men and women.
Chun Shing Kwok, S Matthijs Boekholdt, Marleen A H Lentjes, Yoon K Loke, Robert N Luben, Jessica K Yeong, Nicholas J Wareham, Phyo K Myint, Kay-Tee Khaw. Habitual chocolate consumption and risk of cardiovascular disease among healthy men and women.
read the entire text >>

Nutrition, Metabolism & Cardiovascular Diseases
Nutrition, Metabolism & Cardiovascular Diseases
read the entire text >>

Guidelines for the early management of adults with ischemic stroke: Aguideline from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association Stroke Council, Clinical Cardiology Council, Cardiovascular Radiology and Intervention Council, and the Atherosclerotic Peripheral Vascular Disease and Quality of Care Outcomes in Resaerch Interdisciplinary Working Groups.scientific statement from the Stroke Council of the American Stroke Association.
Adams HP, del Zoppo G; Alberts MJ. Guidelines for the early management of adults with ischemic stroke: Aguideline from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association Stroke Council, Clinical Cardiology Council, Cardiovascular Radiology and Intervention Council, and the Atherosclerotic Peripheral Vascular Disease and Quality of Care Outcomes in Resaerch Interdisciplinary Working Groups.scientific statement from the Stroke Council of the American Stroke Association.
read the entire text >>

control [4]; improved orthostatic autoregulation by stimulating proprioception, activation of the sympathetic nervous system and increase of the efficiency of the muscle pump (increased muscle strength of the lower limbs, positional and cardiovascular training) [5].
control [4]; improved orthostatic autoregulation by stimulating proprioception, activation of the sympathetic nervous system and increase of the efficiency of the muscle pump (increased muscle strength of the lower limbs, positional and cardiovascular training) [5].
read the entire text >>

The introduction part of the exercise complex aims to adapt the cardiovascular system in a gradual manner (thoracic and diaphragmal respiration, rhythmic exercises of distal muscle groups, isometric exercises in circulatory regimen).
The proposed 39 self-directed learning didactic tools are specialized physical therapy with a 45-minute duration and moderate load intensity. The introduction part of the exercise complex aims to adapt the cardiovascular system in a gradual manner (thoracic and diaphragmal respiration, rhythmic exercises of distal muscle groups, isometric exercises in circulatory regimen). The essential part of the physical therapy methods aims to increase muscle strength (by means of exercises against determined dose resistance, defined by elastic bands Thera-Band), and improve the sensitive, coordination and balance abilities of the patients (by means of targeted exercises). The final part of the complex includes autogenic training for general relaxation of the patient.
read the entire text >>

The patients with DN have a limited motor activity, known to be associated with a decreased physical working capacity, a decreased muscle power, deteriorated nitrogen and protein balance, cardiovascular disturbances and depression [32, 35].
The patients with DN have a limited motor activity, known to be associated with a decreased physical working capacity, a decreased muscle power, deteriorated nitrogen and protein balance, cardiovascular disturbances and depression [32, 35]. In such patients the appropriate physical exercise can prevent not only the hypokinetic syndrome, but also the development of clinical complications by improving the glucose control and the lipid profile [21] via a normalization of the blood pressure [27], and restoration of the physical and mental health. It has been demonstrated that in patients with DN the exercises, including frequent change on postural body position,
read the entire text >>

stimulate the adaptation of the systemic hemodynamics to orthostatic stimuli mainly through the improvement of the cardiovascular response [1, 13].
stimulate the adaptation of the systemic hemodynamics to orthostatic stimuli mainly through the improvement of the cardiovascular response [1, 13].
read the entire text >>

24. NEUROSONOLOGY AND CEREBRAL HEMODYNAMICS, vol. 14, 2018, No. 1 , , ,

In the clinical functional examination, the functional, muscular, cardiovascular and respiratory capacities are evaluated at the same time.
Before initiating the rehabilitation, a good functional evaluation of the patient’s baseline condition and rehabilitation potential should be done. In the clinical functional examination, the functional, muscular, cardiovascular and respiratory capacities are evaluated at the same time. Considering the complex disorganization of the motor control after stroke and the major elements of motor disorders, the tracked indicators are the globality of movement, the presence of pathological synkinesis, spasticity, and proprioceptive hyperreflexia. Functional rating scales are used for evaluation in the beginning and after completing the rehabilitation. In patients with hemiparesis, the convenient and fast evaluation of Brunnstrom is used for determining the functional stages. The functional disability of patients is assessed by the 6-point Rankin scale, and everyday abilities – by the Barthel index [6]. In the presence of spasticity, the Ashworth scale is used.
read the entire text >>

Brazilian Journal of Cardiovascular Surgery
Brazilian Journal of Cardiovascular Surgery
read the entire text >>

European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing
European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing
read the entire text >>

Cardiovascular diagnosis and therapy
Cardiovascular diagnosis and therapy
read the entire text >>

The Thoracic and cardiovascular surgeon
The Thoracic and cardiovascular surgeon
read the entire text >>

To compare functional ultrasound markers of subclinical carotid atherosclerosis in vascular healthy women with some of the cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF).
To compare functional ultrasound markers of subclinical carotid atherosclerosis in vascular healthy women with some of the cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF).
read the entire text >>

Average value (±SD) of hemodynamic and metabolic variables of respondents with respect to cardiovascular risk category
Average value (±SD) of hemodynamic and metabolic variables of respondents with respect to cardiovascular risk category
read the entire text >>

CARDIOVASCULAR RISK FACTOR
CARDIOVASCULAR RISK FACTOR
read the entire text >>

Van Sloten’s research led to conclusion that YEM is valid indicator of difference in carotid stiffness of people with and without cardiovascular incident [29].
– in detecting statistically significant differences in subclinical atherosclerotic alteration in women with diabetes and hypertension with respect to women without CVRF. Similar results for some of the ultrasound markers have been published before [5, 15, 18, 23]. Van Sloten’s research led to conclusion that YEM is valid indicator of difference in carotid stiffness of people with and without cardiovascular incident [29]. In our research YEM did not indicate significant differences in carotid stiffness of observed groups of women. Contrary to the effect of other CVRF, Sharett et al. reported on conclusive correlation of smoking and lower stiffness of carotid artery (based on YEM) and higher elasticity of carotid artery (based on DC) [26]. Our DC results of vascular healthy women indicate higher elasticity and
read the entire text >>

Sex-specific associations of cardiovascular risk factors with carotid-stiffness – results from the SAPALDIA cohort study.
Caviezel S, Dratva J, Schaffner E, Schindler C, Zempt Stutz E, de Groot E. Sex-specific associations of cardiovascular risk factors with carotid-stiffness – results from the SAPALDIA cohort study.
read the entire text >>

Carotid stiffness and the risk of new vascular events in patients with manifest cardiovascular disease.
Dijk JD, Algra A, van der Graaf Y, Grobbee DE, Bots ML. Carotid stiffness and the risk of new vascular events in patients with manifest cardiovascular disease. The SMART study.
read the entire text >>

2010 ACCF/AHA guideline for assessment of cardiovascular risk in asymptomatic adults: a report of the American College of Cardiology
Greenland P, Alpert JS, Beller GA, Benjamin EJ, Budoff MJ, Fayad ZA, et al. American College of Cardiology Foundation; American Heart Association. 2010 ACCF/AHA guideline for assessment of cardiovascular risk in asymptomatic adults: a report of the American College of Cardiology
read the entire text >>

Use of carotid ultrasound to identify subclinical vascular disease and evaluate cardiovascular disease risk: a consensus statement from the American Society of Echocardiography Carotid Intima-Media Thickness Task Force.
Stein JH, Korcarz CE, Hurst RT, Lonn E, Kendall CB, Mohler ER, et al. Use of carotid ultrasound to identify subclinical vascular disease and evaluate cardiovascular disease risk: a consensus statement from the American Society of Echocardiography Carotid Intima-Media Thickness Task Force. Endorsed by the Society for Vascular Medicine.
read the entire text >>

Local stiffness of the carotid and femoral artery is associated with incident cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality.
van Sloten TT, Schram MT, van der Hurk K, Dekker JM, Nijpels G, Henry RMA, et al. Local stiffness of the carotid and femoral artery is associated with incident cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality.
read the entire text >>

25. NEUROSONOLOGY AND CEREBRAL HEMODYNAMICS, vol. 14, 2018, No. 2 , , ,

During follow-up, cardiovascular events, recurrent TIAs/strokes or death were recorded.
We enrolled 96 consecutive patients (55 males; mean age 43.7±8.8 years) discharged from our Stroke Unit with a diagnosis of cryptogenic stroke. During follow-up, cardiovascular events, recurrent TIAs/strokes or death were recorded. Furthermore, MES presence and rate were assessed by 60-minute bilateral TCD monitoring of the middle cerebral artery both in patients and in 30 healthy subjects.
read the entire text >>

All patients were followed prospectively and cardiovascular events, recurrent TIA/strokes or death were recorded.
Clinical and functional statuses were assessed with the NIHSS and the modified Rankin Scale (mRS), respectively, at discharge and at 1, 3, 6 months and yearly thereafter. All patients were followed prospectively and cardiovascular events, recurrent TIA/strokes or death were recorded. During the follow-up period, all selected patients with a suitable transtemporal acoustic window underwent a 60-minutes bilateral TCD monitoring of the middle cerebral artery in order to detect MES. The arteries were insonated at a mean depth of 54±4 mm using a low-frequency probe (1-3 MHz), fixed to a headframe, following a validated
read the entire text >>

3.1%), no major cardiovascular event nor death.
3.1%), no major cardiovascular event nor death. Two out of three patients who experienced recurrences were part of the ESUS group, including the patient who suffered a recurrent stroke.
read the entire text >>

Gorelick PB, Scuteri A, Black SE, Decarli C, Greenberg SM, Iadecola C, Launer LJ, Laurent S, Lopez OL, Nyenhuis D, Petersen RC, Schneider JA, Tzourio C, Arnett DK, Bennett DA, Chui HC, Higashida RT, Lindquist R, Nilsson PM, Roman GC, Sellke FW, Seshadri S; American Heart Association Stroke Council, Council on Epidemiology and Prevention, Council on Cardiovascular Nursing, Council on Cardiovascular Radiology and Intervention, and Council on Cardiovascular Surgery and Anesthesia.
Gorelick PB, Scuteri A, Black SE, Decarli C, Greenberg SM, Iadecola C, Launer LJ, Laurent S, Lopez OL, Nyenhuis D, Petersen RC, Schneider JA, Tzourio C, Arnett DK, Bennett DA, Chui HC, Higashida RT, Lindquist R, Nilsson PM, Roman GC, Sellke FW, Seshadri S; American Heart Association Stroke Council, Council on Epidemiology and Prevention, Council on Cardiovascular Nursing, Council on Cardiovascular Radiology and Intervention, and Council on Cardiovascular Surgery and Anesthesia. Vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia: a statement for healthcare professionals from the american heart association/american stroke association.
read the entire text >>

The advantage of acetazolamide is that it does not influence the basic cardiovascular parameters [19].
10 min. Usually the effect of acetazolamide is monitored by detection of the pulsatility index and middle cerebral artery mean flow velocity for 20–30 min. The advantage of acetazolamide is that it does not influence the basic cardiovascular parameters [19]. A preliminary study already in 1996 suggested that impaired cerebral vasomotor reactivity assessed after acetazolamide administration predicted ischemic cerebral events [7].
read the entire text >>

Cardiovascular Center, Acibadem City Clinic – Sofia, Bulgaria
Cardiovascular Center, Acibadem City Clinic – Sofia, Bulgaria
read the entire text >>

Haemodynamics in postural change causes autonomic neural responses to the cardiovascular system leading to changes in blood pressure and causing a barroreflective-mediated effect.
Haemodynamics in postural change causes autonomic neural responses to the cardiovascular system leading to changes in blood pressure and causing a barroreflective-mediated effect. Orthostatic autoregulation is an adaptive and compensatory mechanism against the gravitational redistribution of blood during the transition from horizontal to upright body position. Physical activity causes changes in the cerebral blood flow, which depends on their type, intensity and duration.
read the entire text >>

The Bulgarian version of the SCOPAAUT questionnaire (SCOPA-AUT-BG) was used for assessment of cardiovascular autonomic symptoms.
Fifty-five PD patients (32 males and 23 females) at mean age 64.5±8.9 years and 40 age-matched healthy controls were included in the study. The Bulgarian version of the SCOPAAUT questionnaire (SCOPA-AUT-BG) was used for assessment of cardiovascular autonomic symptoms. All participants also underwent a head-up tilt test at 60 degrees for 10 minutes.
read the entire text >>

In contrast the selfreported cardiovascular symptoms from SCOPA-AUTBG were signi
was 31.23±10.47. In fifteen patients (25%) we established orthostatic hypotension (fall in blood pressure of at least 20 mmHg systolic and 10 mmHg diastolic). Only three patients with orthostatic hypotension reported symptoms during the tilt table test. In contrast the selfreported cardiovascular symptoms from SCOPA-AUTBG were signi
read the entire text >>

26. NEUROSONOLOGY AND CEREBRAL HEMODYNAMICS, vol. 15, 2019, No. 1 , , ,

The Influence of Gender on Cardiovascular Autonomic Function in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease
The Influence of Gender on Cardiovascular Autonomic Function in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease
read the entire text >>

Most commonly CRA thrombosis occurs in case of ipsilateral ICA stenosis, orbital trauma, coagulopathy (especially sickle-cell anemia), vasculopathy (systemic lupus erythematosus, temporal arteritis, etc.), migraine, oral contraceptive use, cardiovascular diseases (especially valve disorders, myxoma), carotid angiography and endarterectomy [11].
Most commonly CRA thrombosis occurs in case of ipsilateral ICA stenosis, orbital trauma, coagulopathy (especially sickle-cell anemia), vasculopathy (systemic lupus erythematosus, temporal arteritis, etc.), migraine, oral contraceptive use, cardiovascular diseases (especially valve disorders, myxoma), carotid angiography and endarterectomy [11].
read the entire text >>

The Influence of Gender on Cardiovascular Autonomic Function in Patients with Parkinson's Disease
The Influence of Gender on Cardiovascular Autonomic Function in Patients with Parkinson's Disease
read the entire text >>

autonomic functions, cardiovascular function,
autonomic functions, cardiovascular function,
read the entire text >>

To assess the influence of gender on the cardiovascular autonomic function in patients with Parkinson's disease.
To assess the influence of gender on the cardiovascular autonomic function in patients with Parkinson's disease.
read the entire text >>

For evaluation of the cardiovascular autonomic symptoms, a SCOPA AUT-BG questionnaire was used.
Fifty-five patients with Parkinson's disease (32 men and 23 women) of average age 64.5±8.9 years and 40 healthy controls were examined. For evaluation of the cardiovascular autonomic symptoms, a SCOPA AUT-BG questionnaire was used. Also a non-invasive assessment of heart rate variability at rest and during head-up tilt (HUT) was performed and the timeand frequencydomain heart rate variability parameters were determined.
read the entire text >>

The average scores of the cardiovascular and thermoregulatory autonomic subscales were significantly higher in female patients with Parkinson's disease (p>0.05).
The average scores of the cardiovascular and thermoregulatory autonomic subscales were significantly higher in female patients with Parkinson's disease (p>0.05). No significant gender differences in time and frequency heart rate variability parameters at rest in the two investigated groups were found. In healthy controls and in male Parkinson's disease patients head-up tilt provoked sympathetic activation with significant decrease in the duration of the RR interval. In contrast, the test did not change the duration of the RR interval in women.
read the entire text >>

The established gender differences in cardiovascular autonomic function in patients with Parkinson's disease suggest a gender dependent expression and their diagnosis allows better clinical evaluation, treatment and prognosis of the disease.
The established gender differences in cardiovascular autonomic function in patients with Parkinson's disease suggest a gender dependent expression and their diagnosis allows better clinical evaluation, treatment and prognosis of the disease.
read the entire text >>

Influence of Gender on Cardiovascular Autonomic Function in Patients with Parkinson's Disease
Influence of Gender on Cardiovascular Autonomic Function in Patients with Parkinson's Disease
read the entire text >>

Cardiovascular autonomic disorders are part of the non-motor symptoms of the disease and have an impact on the quality of life, disability, and mortality of patients with PD [4, 21, 26, 28].
The importance of gender for non-motor symptoms in PD has been poorly studied; the interest for this relationship has increased over the last decade [15, 18, 24, 30, 32]. Cardiovascular autonomic disorders are part of the non-motor symptoms of the disease and have an impact on the quality of life, disability, and mortality of patients with PD [4, 21, 26, 28].
read the entire text >>

Having in mind the existing gender dysmorphism in the dopaminergic system in the basal human ganglia [8, 11, 29], as well as the ambiguous intergender differences and correlations in the myocardial cardiac innervation in MIBG scintigraphy in patients with PD [10, 31, 33], a question arises whether gender has an effect on cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction in these patients.
Over the last 20 years, it has been shown that, in addition to the nigrostriatal system, loss of catecholaminergic neurons is also seen in the heart leading to cardiac dysautonomia [9]. Having in mind the existing gender dysmorphism in the dopaminergic system in the basal human ganglia [8, 11, 29], as well as the ambiguous intergender differences and correlations in the myocardial cardiac innervation in MIBG scintigraphy in patients with PD [10, 31, 33], a question arises whether gender has an effect on cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction in these patients. Despite the increasing number of studies related to this type of non-motor PD manifestations, the intergender differences still remain not enough studied.
read the entire text >>

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the gender impact on cardiovascular autonomic function in patients with PD.
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the gender impact on cardiovascular autonomic function in patients with PD.
read the entire text >>

It contains 25 questions, grouped in 6 subclasses, related to clinical manifestations belonging to different functional systems: gastrointestinal, urinary, cardiovascular, thermoregulatory, pupillary and sexual.
=0.79) and showed psychometric properties equal to the original version of the scale. It contains 25 questions, grouped in 6 subclasses, related to clinical manifestations belonging to different functional systems: gastrointestinal, urinary, cardiovascular, thermoregulatory, pupillary and sexual. The evaluation subscale for the cardiac autonomic functions contains 3 questions.
read the entire text >>

In addition to the questionnaire, the cardiovascular autonomic function was also evaluated by short-term heart rate variability monitoring (HRV).
In addition to the questionnaire, the cardiovascular autonomic function was also evaluated by short-term heart rate variability monitoring (HRV). The study was conducted in a specialized laboratory at 23°-24°C without visual and/or acoustic stimuli. Heart rate and breathing were monitored in lying position (10 minutes) and during 5-minute head-up tilt at sixty degrees. The R-R intervals were registered by a MP100 computerized system with an ECG module (Biopac system Inc., USA). The time parameters: mean R-R interval (ms), mean heart rate (bpm), mean standard deviation of the R-R interval (SDNN) and, low-frequency (LF, 0,04-0,15 Hz), high-frequency (HF 0,15-0,40 Hz) spectral characteristics and their ratio (LF/HF) were calculated. In order to eliminate the interindividual (intragroup) differences in the spectral characteristics, the relative spectral characteristics were calculated by applying standardization of the low – and high-frequency spectral components as follows: LF%=LF/ (LF+HF)*100 and HF%=HF/((LF+HF)*100.
read the entire text >>

Influence of Gender on Cardiovascular Autonomic Function in Patients with Parkinson's Disease
Influence of Gender on Cardiovascular Autonomic Function in Patients with Parkinson's Disease
read the entire text >>

Influence of Gender on Cardiovascular Autonomic Function in Patients with Parkinson's Disease
Influence of Gender on Cardiovascular Autonomic Function in Patients with Parkinson's Disease
read the entire text >>

Taking into account the age at which the clinical manifestation of the disease begins (in the case of reduced HRV at rest), it is very likely that the influence of gender on the cardiovascular autonomic function in PD patients will only occur in functional autonomic tests.
Unlike healthy individuals, patients with PD have a reduced sympathetic activation. At rest, no intergender differences are found, whereas the application of the orthostatic test shows an interaction between gender and provocation. Taking into account the age at which the clinical manifestation of the disease begins (in the case of reduced HRV at rest), it is very likely that the influence of gender on the cardiovascular autonomic function in PD patients will only occur in functional autonomic tests. The preserved shortening of the R-R interval on orthostatic test in men with PD (similar to healthy controls) could be due to the fact that gender-related differences in parasympathetic function disappear after the age of 50, while sympathetic dominance in men disappears significantly later [14], e.g. the age influence could not be excluded.
read the entire text >>

Influence of Gender on Cardiovascular Autonomic Function in Patients with Parkinson's Disease
Influence of Gender on Cardiovascular Autonomic Function in Patients with Parkinson's Disease
read the entire text >>

Pharmacotherapy of cardiovascular
Shibao CA, Kaufmann H. Pharmacotherapy of cardiovascular
read the entire text >>

The absence of risk factors, the young age, and the symptoms from the respiratory and cardiovascular system, gave us the reason to conduct additional studies before the beginning of the specific treatment.
The head CT on admission revealed normal corticomedullary differentiation and absence of focal lesions in the brain parenchyma. Based on the clinical, laboratory and neuroimaging studies, the patient was diagnosed with acute ischemic stroke. Considering that the patient was admitted in the time window for specific treatment of acute ischemic stroke, intravenous thrombolysis was considered. The absence of risk factors, the young age, and the symptoms from the respiratory and cardiovascular system, gave us the reason to conduct additional studies before the beginning of the specific treatment. Тhe patient underwent and emergency echocardiography and chest CT, both describing a formation with approximate size
read the entire text >>

The symptoms from the cardiovascular system can mimic all heart diseases and malignant processes.
Myxoma is a rare tumor with a prevalence of up to 0.20% of all tumors, yet it accounts for up to 50% of the heart’s tumors, most often with symptoms in the 3rd to 6th decades of the patients life [9]. Its histological structure is benign. The tumor may remain asymptomatic or lead to death because it is most commonly localized in the valve area. The symptoms from the cardiovascular system can mimic all heart diseases and malignant processes. The most common symptoms are due to the local tumor growth and compression, causing dyspnea, pulmonary edema and other symptoms of heart failure, syncope or even sudden cardiac death [10]. Release of emboli reaching the central nervous system may cause transient ischemic attacks, acute stroke or epileptic seizures. Consecutive ischemic strokes may occur, ranging from “silent” strokes, dementia, multi-infarct encephalopathy, to massive stroke leading to death [11]. In diagnosing myxoma, transthoracic echocardiography has a sensitivity of about 90%; the sensitivity of transesophageal echocardiography is even higher [12].
read the entire text >>

Often complications are the first manifestation of carbohydrate metabolism changes: cardiovascular or cerebrovascular events, retinopathy, neuropathy, extremity vascular disease and others.
life expectancy, urbanization, and increased obesity and physical inactivity [31]. Most of the patients (up to 50% in some regions) remain undiagnosed [3]. Often complications are the first manifestation of carbohydrate metabolism changes: cardiovascular or cerebrovascular events, retinopathy, neuropathy, extremity vascular disease and others. All this requires search of a reliable method for screening and early detection of diabetes and prediabetes. This will give the opportunity for prophylaxis and delay of early and late complications and their consequences, and for regulation of health care expenses [7].
read the entire text >>

It estimates the metabolic and cardiovascular risk and gives the opportunity for studying the insulin resistance treatment.
A new and different approach for screening of carbohydrate disorders and their complications is the EZSCAN methodology. It is based on assessment of sweat gland function with reverse iontophoresis and chronoampermetry, and skin conductance measurement [8, 9, 10]. It estimates the metabolic and cardiovascular risk and gives the opportunity for studying the insulin resistance treatment. This method is noninvasive and is used for investigation of healthy patients with high risk for DM. A great advantage is that the results are ready for use immediately after the assessment and could be used for motivating the patients for life-style changes. This method shows high sensitivity and specificity [19]. The results are presented graphically and are easy to assess. They are received in color scales depending on perspiration dysfunction (Fig. 1):
read the entire text >>

Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality associated with the metabolic syndrome.
Isoma B, Almgren P, Tuomi T, Forsen B, Lahti K, Nissen M, Taskinen M, Groop L. Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality associated with the metabolic syndrome.
read the entire text >>

Back to Top