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43 results of 4 texts with exact phrase : 'mirror neurons'.

1. NEUROSONOLOGY AND CEREBRAL HEMODYNAMICS, vol. 10, 2014, No. 2 , , ,

For example, if a patient played a guitar and danced tango prior to stroke, the observation of these activities itself will strongly activate his mirror neurons, which leads to stimulation of larger network area and reconnection of large number of synapses.
It is helpful to repeat these movements during rehabilitation process. Ventral premotor cortex and base of parietal lobe are cortical areas belonging to mirror neuron system [18]. These areas have shown to be great neuroanatomical target areas for rehabilitation exercises. The goal is to reach their activation through any connected healthy part of the cortical network. The mirror neuron system will activate differently in every person, depending on individual’s level of practice of specific movement. For example, if a patient played a guitar and danced tango prior to stroke, the observation of these activities itself will strongly activate his mirror neurons, which leads to stimulation of larger network area and reconnection of large number of synapses.
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Mirror neurons and their clinical relevance.
Rizzolatti G, Fabbri-Destro M, Cattaneo L. Mirror neurons and their clinical relevance.
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2. NEUROSONOLOGY AND CEREBRAL HEMODYNAMICS, vol. 12, 2016, No. 2 , , ,

Mirror Neurons.
Mirror Neurons.
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MIRROR NEURONS
MIRROR NEURONS
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To describe mirror neurons, their discovery, investigation, pres-
To describe mirror neurons, their discovery, investigation, pres-
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A review of available information (including international journals and medical literature) for mirror neurons, their nature, discovery, application and investigation is done.
A review of available information (including international journals and medical literature) for mirror neurons, their nature, discovery, application and investigation is done.
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Mirror neurons are not yet a completely understood field of the brain and have not revealed all their possible applications.
Mirror neurons are not yet a completely understood field of the brain and have not revealed all their possible applications. At present our knowledge about them is minimal, but is used for in-depth study of children with autism, cerebral rehabilitation, and explanation of various higher cortical functions such as memory, learning, speech, and empathy. Some authors accept them as a new, so called "social nervous system". Further investigations are needed to elucidate their real role in human life.
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mirror neurons.
mirror neurons.
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3. NEUROSONOLOGY AND CEREBRAL HEMODYNAMICS, vol. 13, 2017, No. 1 , , ,

The latest scientific discoveries related to mirror neurons, 3-dimensional bio printing of tissues and organs, and high-intensity ultrasound in medicine were presented.
of Sciences and Arts and Bulgarian Society of Neurosonology and Cerebral Hemodynamics. The latest scientific discoveries related to mirror neurons, 3-dimensional bio printing of tissues and organs, and high-intensity ultrasound in medicine were presented. Medical students Marina Dimcheva (MF of SU), Monica Peshevska (MF of SU) and Petar Karazapryanov (MF of MU
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4. NEUROSONOLOGY AND CEREBRAL HEMODYNAMICS, vol. 14, 2018, No. 1 , , ,

Mirror Neurons – Methods of Investigation and Clinical Application
Mirror Neurons – Methods of Investigation and Clinical Application
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Mirror Neurons –
Mirror Neurons –
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mirror neurons, neurorehabilitation
mirror neurons, neurorehabilitation
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Mirror neurons are a newly discovered group of cells that are spontaneously activated when a person performs and/or monitors an action.
Mirror neurons are a newly discovered group of cells that are spontaneously activated when a person performs and/or monitors an action. The proof of their existence is a significant breakthrough in neurosciences. It is assumed that these neurons are responsible for various functions of the nervous system – empathy, imitation, prediction of others’ intentions, etc. Various new neurorehabilitation techniques, based on the concept of mirror neurons, have been developed for patients with paresis, paralysis and aphasia after damage to the central nervous system (primarily strokes and traumas). This therapy appears to be promising in Parkinson's disease, Moebius syndrome, cerebral paresis in children, phantom pain. There is a link between dysfunction of mirror neurons and autism spectrum diseases, as well as some neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease.
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Various new neurorehabilitation techniques, based on the concept of mirror neurons, have been developed for patients with paresis, paralysis and aphasia after damage to the central nervous system (primarily strokes and traumas).
Mirror neurons are a newly discovered group of cells that are spontaneously activated when a person performs and/or monitors an action. The proof of their existence is a significant breakthrough in neurosciences. It is assumed that these neurons are responsible for various functions of the nervous system – empathy, imitation, prediction of others’ intentions, etc. Various new neurorehabilitation techniques, based on the concept of mirror neurons, have been developed for patients with paresis, paralysis and aphasia after damage to the central nervous system (primarily strokes and traumas). This therapy appears to be promising in Parkinson's disease, Moebius syndrome, cerebral paresis in children, phantom pain. There is a link between dysfunction of mirror neurons and autism spectrum diseases, as well as some neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. Some scientists assume that mirror neurons form a new so-called “Social Nervous System”. Their role is to be further studied, evaluated and adequately applied in medical practice.
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There is a link between dysfunction of mirror neurons and autism spectrum diseases, as well as some neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease.
Mirror neurons are a newly discovered group of cells that are spontaneously activated when a person performs and/or monitors an action. The proof of their existence is a significant breakthrough in neurosciences. It is assumed that these neurons are responsible for various functions of the nervous system – empathy, imitation, prediction of others’ intentions, etc. Various new neurorehabilitation techniques, based on the concept of mirror neurons, have been developed for patients with paresis, paralysis and aphasia after damage to the central nervous system (primarily strokes and traumas). This therapy appears to be promising in Parkinson's disease, Moebius syndrome, cerebral paresis in children, phantom pain. There is a link between dysfunction of mirror neurons and autism spectrum diseases, as well as some neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. Some scientists assume that mirror neurons form a new so-called “Social Nervous System”. Their role is to be further studied, evaluated and adequately applied in medical practice.
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Some scientists assume that mirror neurons form a new so-called “Social Nervous System”.
The proof of their existence is a significant breakthrough in neurosciences. It is assumed that these neurons are responsible for various functions of the nervous system – empathy, imitation, prediction of others’ intentions, etc. Various new neurorehabilitation techniques, based on the concept of mirror neurons, have been developed for patients with paresis, paralysis and aphasia after damage to the central nervous system (primarily strokes and traumas). This therapy appears to be promising in Parkinson's disease, Moebius syndrome, cerebral paresis in children, phantom pain. There is a link between dysfunction of mirror neurons and autism spectrum diseases, as well as some neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. Some scientists assume that mirror neurons form a new so-called “Social Nervous System”. Their role is to be further studied, evaluated and adequately applied in medical practice.
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Mirror Neurons
Mirror Neurons
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It has been proved later that mirror neurons can also be activated by well-known specific sounds, associated with a certain movement, for example, tearing a sheet of paper [22].
during performing and observing an action [31]. It has been proved later that mirror neurons can also be activated by well-known specific sounds, associated with a certain movement, for example, tearing a sheet of paper [22]. Numerous studies have shown that mirror neurons are found throughout the cerebral cortex of humans they are predominantly located in the frontal (ventral premotor cortex) and parietal lobe [33]. Because of their widespread distribution, the network of these neurons is called “Mirror Neuron System” (MNS). According to some scientists it is more developed in women [7].
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Numerous studies have shown that mirror neurons are found throughout the cerebral cortex of humans they are predominantly located in the frontal (ventral premotor cortex) and parietal lobe [33].
during performing and observing an action [31]. It has been proved later that mirror neurons can also be activated by well-known specific sounds, associated with a certain movement, for example, tearing a sheet of paper [22]. Numerous studies have shown that mirror neurons are found throughout the cerebral cortex of humans they are predominantly located in the frontal (ventral premotor cortex) and parietal lobe [33]. Because of their widespread distribution, the network of these neurons is called “Mirror Neuron System” (MNS). According to some scientists it is more developed in women [7].
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Over the past decade the physiology and pathology of the mirror neurons have intrigued more and more scientists.
Over the past decade the physiology and pathology of the mirror neurons have intrigued more and more scientists. On the basis of their studies, new methods for treating certain diseases such as Parkinson’s disease, phantom pain, post-stroke hemiparesis and others have been developed.
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There are a number of techniques (invasive and non-invasive) for examining the mirror neurons.
There are a number of techniques (invasive and non-invasive) for examining the mirror neurons. The individual methods have different informative value and evaluate different indicators related to their activity.
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Already in 1950, Gastaut discovered that such desynchronization also occurred during observation and/or imagining a motor act, which later became associated with the presence of a network of mirror neurons.
In electrophysiological methods (EEG, MEG) the indicator giving information about the mirror function of the neurons, is the so-called μ (mu) rhythm. The μ-wave reflects the electrical activity of the motor cortex at rest. It represents a synchronized activity of multiple pyramidal neurons with a frequency ranging from 8 to 13 Hz. Normally these waves are suppressed by body movements, phenomenon called “event-related desynchronization”. Already in 1950, Gastaut discovered that such desynchronization also occurred during observation and/or imagining a motor act, which later became associated with the presence of a network of mirror neurons. Similar results were also reported using MEG [31].
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There are several main directions in medicine, in which the concept of mirror neurons is used.
There are several main directions in medicine, in which the concept of mirror neurons is used.
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A number of studies comparing the mirror system in clinically healthy children and children with autism reveal a significantly reduced activity of mirror neurons in autism.
A number of studies comparing the mirror system in clinically healthy children and children with autism reveal a significantly reduced activity of mirror neurons in autism. This is confirmed by:
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and diffuse thinning of the cortex, including inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and parietal lobule (IPL) and other areas where the presence of mirror neurons has been demonstrated [16].
and diffuse thinning of the cortex, including inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and parietal lobule (IPL) and other areas where the presence of mirror neurons has been demonstrated [16].
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It is assumed that the applied methods are difficult to interpret and that the indicators used do not reflect fully and exclusively the activity of the mirror neurons.
These results are not the same for all children with autism, so the theory of the "broken mirror" remains controversial [17]. It is assumed that the applied methods are difficult to interpret and that the indicators used do not reflect fully and exclusively the activity of the mirror neurons. One of the possible reasons for this is the high heterogeneity of the study groups with autism in terms of age, gender, degree of functional and morphological impairment, and social experience prior to treatment.
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It is believed that synchronicity between the performed and the observed action stimulates mirror neurons [30].
One of the developed methods of treatment is the mirror therapy. Children with autism learn to take their own toys by directing their hands only by observing their image in a mirror. It is believed that synchronicity between the performed and the observed action stimulates mirror neurons [30].
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It is assumed that in addition to treatment, the theory of mirror neurons can also be used in the early diagnosis of autism.
It is assumed that in addition to treatment, the theory of mirror neurons can also be used in the early diagnosis of autism. If therapy begins before deployment of the main symptoms, usually between two and four years of age, it is possible to compensate the current deficit [6].
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Mirror Neurons
Mirror Neurons
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Specialized methods of neurorehabilitation based on the concept of mirror neurons have been developed.
Specialized methods of neurorehabilitation based on the concept of mirror neurons have been developed. Activation of the mirror system aims at stimulating brain neuroplasticity and reorganizing brain functions in the presence of neurological deficits. These methods find application in the treatment of residual hemiparesis following stroke [4], Parkinson's disease, Moebius syndrome.
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The mirror reflects the left hand, which is perceived by the mirror neurons to be right.
Mirror therapy in right hand paresis. The mirror reflects the left hand, which is perceived by the mirror neurons to be right.
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Through the visual illusion created, mirror neurons are activated.
between the two limbs (one healthy and one with motor deficit). The patient is instructed to move both limbs in an identical manner (Fig. 1). Thus, in the place of the affected limb, the patient sees the mirror image of the unaffected. Through the visual illusion created, mirror neurons are activated. The combination of visual information, proprioceptive stimuli and pre-frontal cortex motion commands makes mirror therapy a complex rehabilitation method. The effect of this therapy is reported to be greater in women [26], which is associated with a more developed mirror system [7].
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The concept of mirror neurons is also used in the treatment of Moebius syndrome.
The concept of mirror neurons is also used in the treatment of Moebius syndrome. It is characterized by congenital dysfunction of the facial and abducens nerves and causes facial paralysis and impaired ocular abduction. The use of techniques such as Facial Imitation Therapy (FIT) and Synergistic Activity Therapy (SAT) has a beneficial effect on the postoperative rehabilitation of these patients. Their ability to smile, make facial expression and speak improves significantly [11].
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Therapeutic approaches based on mirror neurons are increasingly applied for post-stroke aphasia.
Therapeutic approaches based on mirror neurons are increasingly applied for post-stroke aphasia. The basis of this success is the fact that there are mirror neurons in the Broca and Wernicke areas [5]. Action Observation Treatment (AOT) consists of watching videos of various daily activities (e.g. cutting a fruit) to activate the mirror system. According to the performed assays (Token Test, WAB, Picture Naming Test), the symptoms are ameliorated after the treatment [5]. Similar therapy has been performed with significant success in patients with right cerebral hemisphere stroke with residual hemispatial neglect syndrome [38] and Parkinson's disease [3].
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The basis of this success is the fact that there are mirror neurons in the Broca and Wernicke areas [5].
Therapeutic approaches based on mirror neurons are increasingly applied for post-stroke aphasia. The basis of this success is the fact that there are mirror neurons in the Broca and Wernicke areas [5]. Action Observation Treatment (AOT) consists of watching videos of various daily activities (e.g. cutting a fruit) to activate the mirror system. According to the performed assays (Token Test, WAB, Picture Naming Test), the symptoms are ameliorated after the treatment [5]. Similar therapy has been performed with significant success in patients with right cerebral hemisphere stroke with residual hemispatial neglect syndrome [38] and Parkinson's disease [3]. It is believed that this technique will prove to be effective also in children with cerebral palsy [2].
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The discovery of mirror neurons plays a major role in the development of neuroscience and neuropsychology.
The discovery of mirror neurons plays a major role in the development of neuroscience and neuropsychology. Despite the numerous studies on their anatomy and function, many questions concerning mirror neurons remain unclear. The established clinical improvement following administration of mirror neuron-based therapies supports the existence of these cells. Future studies on the function of mirror neurons are expected to contribute to the validation of these methods in neurological practice.
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Despite the numerous studies on their anatomy and function, many questions concerning mirror neurons remain unclear.
The discovery of mirror neurons plays a major role in the development of neuroscience and neuropsychology. Despite the numerous studies on their anatomy and function, many questions concerning mirror neurons remain unclear. The established clinical improvement following administration of mirror neuron-based therapies supports the existence of these cells. Future studies on the function of mirror neurons are expected to contribute to the validation of these methods in neurological practice.
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Future studies on the function of mirror neurons are expected to contribute to the validation of these methods in neurological practice.
The discovery of mirror neurons plays a major role in the development of neuroscience and neuropsychology. Despite the numerous studies on their anatomy and function, many questions concerning mirror neurons remain unclear. The established clinical improvement following administration of mirror neuron-based therapies supports the existence of these cells. Future studies on the function of mirror neurons are expected to contribute to the validation of these methods in neurological practice.
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Mirror Neurons
Mirror Neurons
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The Mirror Neurons Network in Aging, Mild Cognitive Impairment, and Alzheimer Disease: A functional MRI Study.
Farina E, Baglio F, Pomati S. The Mirror Neurons Network in Aging, Mild Cognitive Impairment, and Alzheimer Disease: A functional MRI Study.
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Social Neuroscience: Mirror Neurons recorded in Humans.
Keysers C, Gazzola V. Social Neuroscience: Mirror Neurons recorded in Humans.
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Hearing Sounds, Understanding Actions: Action Representation in Mirror Neurons.
Kohler E. Hearing Sounds, Understanding Actions: Action Representation in Mirror Neurons.
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Mirror neurons and their clinical relevance.
Rizzolatti G, Fabbri-Destro M, Cattaneo L. Mirror neurons and their clinical relevance.
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