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107 results of 11 texts with exact phrase : 'vertebral artery'.

1. NEUROSONOLOGY AND CEREBRAL HEMODYNAMICS, vol. 1, 2005, No. 2 , , ,

of the Proximal Vertebral Artery Stenoses – a Preliminary Study
of the Proximal Vertebral Artery Stenoses – a Preliminary Study
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Проучването CAVATAS (Carotid and Vertebral Artery Transluminal Angioplasty) показва, че не съществуват значими различия в крайните резултати между ендоваскуларното лечение и КЕ, но смъртността и честотата на инсултите в 30 дневен период след хирургичното лечение е по-висока от желаната – 10% срещу 9.9% при КЕ [12].
За по-добро разграничаване на индикациите за КАС и за КЕ са проведени няколко проспективни, рандомизирани клинични проучвания. Проучването CAVATAS (Carotid and Vertebral Artery Transluminal Angioplasty) показва, че не съществуват значими различия в крайните резултати между ендоваскуларното лечение и КЕ, но смъртността и честотата на инсултите в 30 дневен период след хирургичното лечение е по-висока от желаната – 10% срещу 9.9% при КЕ [12]. Съобщава се, че високостепенна каротидна рестеноза се наблюдава по-често след КАС отколкото след КЕ. В друго клинично проучване SAPPHIRE (Stenting and Angioplasty with Protection in Patients at High Risk for Endarterectomy) са включени 334 пациенти (96 със симптомни и
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Carotid and Vertebral Artery Transluminal Angioplasti Study (CAVATAS) showed no difference in major outcome events between endovascular treatment and carotid endarterectomy, but 30-day death and stroke rate of carotid surgery was higher than desirable – 10% versus 9.9% of CEA [12].
To better define the indications for CAS versus CEA several randomized prospective trials have been designed. Carotid and Vertebral Artery Transluminal Angioplasti Study (CAVATAS) showed no difference in major outcome events between endovascular treatment and carotid endarterectomy, but 30-day death and stroke rate of carotid surgery was higher than desirable – 10% versus 9.9% of CEA [12]. This study also reported that high grade carotid restenosis was more frequent one year after CAS then after carotid surgery. In SAPPHIRE (Stenting and Angioplasty with Protection in Patients at High Risk for Endearterectomy) study, 334 patients were included (96 symptomatic and 219 asymptomatic) [13]. This trial suggested that stenting with protection is not inferior and may be superior to CEA in terms of a combined end point including stroke, myocardial infarction and death.
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Endovascular versus surgical treatment in patients with carotid stenosis in the Carotid and Vertebral Artery Transluminal Angioplasty Study (CAVATAS): a randomised trial.
Endovascular versus surgical treatment in patients with carotid stenosis in the Carotid and Vertebral Artery Transluminal Angioplasty Study (CAVATAS): a randomised trial.
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Neurosonographic Examination of the Proximal Vertebral Artery Stenoses – a Preliminary Study
Neurosonographic Examination of the Proximal Vertebral Artery Stenoses – a Preliminary Study
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angiography, color duplex sonography, stenosis, vertebral artery
angiography, color duplex sonography, stenosis, vertebral artery
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to search for sonographic criteria for differentiation of proximal stenoses of vertebral artery (VA
to search for sonographic criteria for differentiation of proximal stenoses of vertebral artery (VA
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group, and accordingly five times more in the patients with high-grade vertebral artery stenosis.
group, and accordingly five times more in the patients with high-grade vertebral artery stenosis. No significant changes of the blood flow velocities in the contralateral vertebral artery were found in patients with moderate VA stenoses.
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No significant changes of the blood flow velocities in the contralateral vertebral artery were found in patients with moderate VA stenoses.
group, and accordingly five times more in the patients with high-grade vertebral artery stenosis. No significant changes of the blood flow velocities in the contralateral vertebral artery were found in patients with moderate VA stenoses.
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According to our preliminary study the proximal vertebral artery stenoses could be classified on the base of PSV and its ratios – distal/proximal and left/right.
According to our preliminary study the proximal vertebral artery stenoses could be classified on the base of PSV and its ratios – distal/proximal and left/right.
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H. Vertebral artery origin angioplasty and primary stenting: safety and restenosis rates in a prospective series.
H. Vertebral artery origin angioplasty and primary stenting: safety and restenosis rates in a prospective series.
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Diagnosis and management of vertebral artery stenosis.
Could G, Markus H. Diagnosis and management of vertebral artery stenosis.
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Accuracy of color-doppler in the quantification of proximal vertebral artery stenoses.
de Bray JM, Pasco A, Tranquart F, Papon X, Alecu C, Giraudeau B, Dubas F, Emile J. Accuracy of color-doppler in the quantification of proximal vertebral artery stenoses.
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Three-Dimensional Color-Coded Duplex Sonography for Assessment of the Vertebral Artery Origin and Vertebral Artery Stenoses.
tzsch C. Three-Dimensional Color-Coded Duplex Sonography for Assessment of the Vertebral Artery Origin and Vertebral Artery Stenoses.
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Ultrasonographic evaluation of vertebral artery to detect vertebrobasilar axis occlusion.
Kimura K, Yasaka M, Moriyasu H, Tsuchia T, Yamaguchi T. Ultrasonographic evaluation of vertebral artery to detect vertebrobasilar axis occlusion.
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Color Doppler Analysis of Vertebral Artery.
Kizilkilik O, Hurcan C, Mihmanli I, Oguzkurt L, Yildirim T, Tercan F. Color Doppler Analysis of Vertebral Artery. Correlative study with angiographic data.
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coded duplex ultrasonography of the origin of the vertebral artery: normal values of flow velocities.
coded duplex ultrasonography of the origin of the vertebral artery: normal values of flow velocities.
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C. Doppler Sonography of the Intertransverse Segment of the Vertebral Artery.
C. Doppler Sonography of the Intertransverse Segment of the Vertebral Artery.
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Color-coded duplex ultrasound of vertebral artery: Normal findings and pathologic findings in obstruction of the vertebral artery and remaining cerebral arteries.
Pfadenhauer K, Muller H. Color-coded duplex ultrasound of vertebral artery: Normal findings and pathologic findings in obstruction of the vertebral artery and remaining cerebral arteries.
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The echo-Doppler (duplex) system for the detection of vertebral artery occlusive disease: comparison with angiography.
Visona A, Lusiani L, Castellani V et al. The echo-Doppler (duplex) system for the detection of vertebral artery occlusive disease: comparison with angiography.
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Proximal Extracranial Vertebral Artery Disease in the New England Medical Center Posterior Circulation Registry.
Wityk R, Chang H, Rosengart A, Han W, DeWitt L, Pessin M, Caplan L. Proximal Extracranial Vertebral Artery Disease in the New England Medical Center Posterior Circulation Registry.
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2. NEUROSONOLOGY AND CEREBRAL HEMODYNAMICS, vol. 5, 2009, No. 1 , , ,

Under difficult examination conditions, it is possible to differentiate better between a hypoplastic vertebral artery and an occlusion at the origin.
Detection of low blood flow velocities in cases of dissection is easier using echo contrast agents in ultrasonography of the extracranial vertebral arteries [7]. Under difficult examination conditions, it is possible to differentiate better between a hypoplastic vertebral artery and an occlusion at the origin.
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gel KA: Evaluation of extracranial vertebral artery dissection with duplex color flow imaging.
gel KA: Evaluation of extracranial vertebral artery dissection with duplex color flow imaging.
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3. NEUROSONOLOGY AND CEREBRAL HEMODYNAMICS, vol. 7, 2011, No. 1 , , ,

of Patients With Extracranial Carotid and Vertebral Artery Disease.
of Patients With Extracranial Carotid and Vertebral Artery Disease. A Report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines, and the American Stroke Association, American Association of Neuroscience Nurses, American Association of Neurological Surgeons, American College of Radiology, American Society of Neuroradiology, Congress of Neurological Surgeons, Society of Atherosclerosis Imaging and Prevention, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, Society of Interventional Radiology, Society of NeuroInterventional Surgery, Society for Vascular Medicine, and Society for Vascular Surgery.
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4. NEUROSONOLOGY AND CEREBRAL HEMODYNAMICS, vol. 9, 2013, No. 1 , , ,

The Methods section states that: “For each assessment the direction of flow is [analyzed either with the pulsed wave mode and the sample placed in the vessel, at a 60° angle, or with the colour coded mode, by comparing the colour of the flow in the IJV/VV with that of the satellite carotid and/or vertebral artery, respectively.
0.88 seconds [67]. The Methods section states that: “For each assessment the direction of flow is [analyzed either with the pulsed wave mode and the sample placed in the vessel, at a 60° angle, or with the colour coded mode, by comparing the colour of the flow in the IJV/VV with that of the satellite carotid and/or vertebral artery, respectively. Either the IJVs or the VVs can be examined by using both the transversal and/or the longitudinal cervical access“. Again, from the methodological point of view, we strongly recommend assessment by pulsed-wave Doppler mode in addition to color-coded mode. The longitudinal oriented cervical veins have to be examined by ultrasound in longitudinal planes in each case, as due to the Doppler formula, reliable measurements are dependent on the ultrasound angle, and ultrasound application at 90° can misleadingly suggest zero flow. The presented figure in this paper only shows a transversal section through the IJV and the common carotid artery, which both show a red signal, thereby suggesting a retrograde flow in the IJV. Transversal IJV examination may be adequate for determining flow direction in hurried routine examinations especially as using this method the probe can be adjusted
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Note the orthograd flow in the vertebral artery (VA) and common carotid artery (CCA)
Postural changes of blood flow direction in the vertebral vein (VV) and internal jugular vein (IJV in a healthy subject. Retrograde blood flow in the VV (top) and IJV (central) in supine position turning into a orthograd flow in both vessels after postural change towards the sitting position (bottom) (VV not shown). Note the orthograd flow in the vertebral artery (VA) and common carotid artery (CCA)
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In early anatomical studies, the VV was not considered to be a relevant vessel, but instead as a venous plexus around the vertebral artery.
The VVs also warrant particular attention. In early anatomical studies, the VV was not considered to be a relevant vessel, but instead as a venous plexus around the vertebral artery. In contrast to the IJVs, which have been the focus of anatomical and physiological research since the first days of duplex sonography [39, 49], up to now only one paper has been published reporting detection rates and flow velocities of 138 healthy subjects (mean age 42.1±14.5 years) in supine position [29]. A bilateral flow was seen in 62% of the subjects, while 17 % showed unilateral flow. 21 % showed no flow bilaterally, although the VV lumens were generally visible proximal to the vertebral artery. The prevalence of blood flow changes in the VVs seems to be age-related. In a younger population (mean age 27±7 years) only 4 % presented no flow in the VVs [22].
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21 % showed no flow bilaterally, although the VV lumens were generally visible proximal to the vertebral artery.
The VVs also warrant particular attention. In early anatomical studies, the VV was not considered to be a relevant vessel, but instead as a venous plexus around the vertebral artery. In contrast to the IJVs, which have been the focus of anatomical and physiological research since the first days of duplex sonography [39, 49], up to now only one paper has been published reporting detection rates and flow velocities of 138 healthy subjects (mean age 42.1±14.5 years) in supine position [29]. A bilateral flow was seen in 62% of the subjects, while 17 % showed unilateral flow. 21 % showed no flow bilaterally, although the VV lumens were generally visible proximal to the vertebral artery. The prevalence of blood flow changes in the VVs seems to be age-related. In a younger population (mean age 27±7 years) only 4 % presented no flow in the VVs [22].
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5. NEUROSONOLOGY AND CEREBRAL HEMODYNAMICS, vol. 9, 2013, No. 2 , , ,

Diagnosis of Occlusive Disease of the Carotid and Vertebral Artery System, Vessel Wall Pathology.
Diagnosis of Occlusive Disease of the Carotid and Vertebral Artery System, Vessel Wall Pathology.
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Measuring the Degree of Carotid and Vertebral Artery Stenosis.
Measuring the Degree of Carotid and Vertebral Artery Stenosis.
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DIAGNOSIS OF OCCLUSIVE DISEASE OF THE CAROTID AND VERTEBRAL ARTERY SYSTEM, VESSEL WALL PATHOLOGY
DIAGNOSIS OF OCCLUSIVE DISEASE OF THE CAROTID AND VERTEBRAL ARTERY SYSTEM, VESSEL WALL PATHOLOGY
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Vertebral artery pathologysteosisi, occlusion, collaterals.
Vertebral artery pathologysteosisi, occlusion, collaterals.
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Follow-up ofter carotid and vertebral artery stenting.
Follow-up ofter carotid and vertebral artery stenting.
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MEASURING THE DEGREE OF CAROTID AND VERTEBRAL ARTERY STENOSIS
MEASURING THE DEGREE OF CAROTID AND VERTEBRAL ARTERY STENOSIS
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Following aspects will be presented: brief introduction on: risk factors / strokes due to internal carotid and vertebral artery
Following aspects will be presented: brief introduction on: risk factors / strokes due to internal carotid and vertebral artery
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A vertebrobasilar vascular insufficiency was diagnosed and an angiogram was performed which revealed a dominant right vertebral artery associated with a hypoplasic left vertebral artery also characterized by critical stenosis in V2 segment.
She performed skull computadorized tomography (CT), which revealed a large ischemic zone in right cerebellar hemisphere and ipsilateral occipital lobe. TCD was then performed before and during mechanical maneuvers. The vessel chosen was the posterior cerebral artery. There was an important amplitude in mean flow velocity: 38 cm/s before maneuver, 20 cm/s during cervical flexion and rotation maneuver (reduction of 48%); 50 cm/s after assuming neutral position (increase in 24% – reactive hyperemia). It was also noted the passage of an arterial embolus during examination in neutral position. A vertebrobasilar vascular insufficiency was diagnosed and an angiogram was performed which revealed a dominant right vertebral artery associated with a hypoplasic left vertebral artery also characterized by critical stenosis in V2 segment.
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6. NEUROSONOLOGY AND CEREBRAL HEMODYNAMICS, vol. 11, 2015, No. 2 , , ,

Via right femoral approach, a guiding catheter Simmons-2 was positioned in the mid left vertebral artery.
Non-contrast CT was performed and intracerebral hemorrhage was excluded. A decision to perform an immediate cerebral panangiography and intraarterial treatment was taken because of evidence of acute basilar artery occlusion (BAO). The patient was sedated and intubated. The cerebral angiography showed BAO in the middle and distal segment. Via right femoral approach, a guiding catheter Simmons-2 was positioned in the mid left vertebral artery.
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7. NEUROSONOLOGY AND CEREBRAL HEMODYNAMICS, vol. 12, 2016, No. 1 , , ,

Guideline on management of patients with extracranial carotid and vertebral artery disease.
Brott TG, Halperin JL, Abbara S, Bacharach JM, Barr JD, Bush RL, Cates CU, Creager MA, Fowler SB, Friday G, Hertzberg VS, McIff EB, Moore WS, Panagos PD, Riles TS, Rosenwasser RH, Taylor AJ. ASA/ACCF/AHA/AANN/AANS/ ACR/ASNR/CNS/SAIP/SCAI/SIR/SNIS/SVM/SVS. Guideline on management of patients with extracranial carotid and vertebral artery disease.
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8. NEUROSONOLOGY AND CEREBRAL HEMODYNAMICS, vol. 12, 2016, No. 2 , , ,

velocities; non-invasive ultrasound assessment; ultrasound, vertebral artery; vertebral artery diameter, vertebral artery morphology
velocities; non-invasive ultrasound assessment; ultrasound, vertebral artery; vertebral artery diameter, vertebral artery morphology
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Normal vertebral artery as seen by CDFI.
Normal vertebral artery as seen by CDFI.
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skin, a vertebral artery appears (fig.
skin, a vertebral artery appears (fig. 1) [16, 18]. The two groups were compared in several categories: sex, age, diameter of the right, left, and both vertebral arteries, narrower vertebral artery (being the one with a smaller diameter in both groups), hemodynamics in the right and left vertebral artery, and resistance patterns.
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The two groups were compared in several categories: sex, age, diameter of the right, left, and both vertebral arteries, narrower vertebral artery (being the one with a smaller diameter in both groups), hemodynamics in the right and left vertebral artery, and resistance patterns.
skin, a vertebral artery appears (fig. 1) [16, 18]. The two groups were compared in several categories: sex, age, diameter of the right, left, and both vertebral arteries, narrower vertebral artery (being the one with a smaller diameter in both groups), hemodynamics in the right and left vertebral artery, and resistance patterns.
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Among men and women the right vertebral artery was noticed to be narrower than the left one in most cases (table 1).
Color Doppler flow imaging reports of vertebral arteries performed in 155 healthy subjects were analyzed. There were 68 men (44%) and 87 (56%) women. Among men and women the right vertebral artery was noticed to be narrower than the left one in most cases (table 1). The term “narrower" refers to a smaller vertebral artery lumen when both sides are compared. Fifty-seven percent of subjects had a narrower right vertebral artery as opposed to 36% with a narrower left one. Vertebral arteries of equal width were found in 10% of subjects. A similar percentage of men and women were found to have a narrower right vertebral artery: 56% of men and 58% of women. Results were similar for the other side: 36% of men and 37% of women had a narrower left vertebral artery.
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The term “narrower" refers to a smaller vertebral artery lumen when both sides are compared.
Color Doppler flow imaging reports of vertebral arteries performed in 155 healthy subjects were analyzed. There were 68 men (44%) and 87 (56%) women. Among men and women the right vertebral artery was noticed to be narrower than the left one in most cases (table 1). The term “narrower" refers to a smaller vertebral artery lumen when both sides are compared. Fifty-seven percent of subjects had a narrower right vertebral artery as opposed to 36% with a narrower left one. Vertebral arteries of equal width were found in 10% of subjects. A similar percentage of men and women were found to have a narrower right vertebral artery: 56% of men and 58% of women. Results were similar for the other side: 36% of men and 37% of women had a narrower left vertebral artery.
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Fifty-seven percent of subjects had a narrower right vertebral artery as opposed to 36% with a narrower left one.
Color Doppler flow imaging reports of vertebral arteries performed in 155 healthy subjects were analyzed. There were 68 men (44%) and 87 (56%) women. Among men and women the right vertebral artery was noticed to be narrower than the left one in most cases (table 1). The term “narrower" refers to a smaller vertebral artery lumen when both sides are compared. Fifty-seven percent of subjects had a narrower right vertebral artery as opposed to 36% with a narrower left one. Vertebral arteries of equal width were found in 10% of subjects. A similar percentage of men and women were found to have a narrower right vertebral artery: 56% of men and 58% of women. Results were similar for the other side: 36% of men and 37% of women had a narrower left vertebral artery.
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A similar percentage of men and women were found to have a narrower right vertebral artery: 56% of men and 58% of women.
There were 68 men (44%) and 87 (56%) women. Among men and women the right vertebral artery was noticed to be narrower than the left one in most cases (table 1). The term “narrower" refers to a smaller vertebral artery lumen when both sides are compared. Fifty-seven percent of subjects had a narrower right vertebral artery as opposed to 36% with a narrower left one. Vertebral arteries of equal width were found in 10% of subjects. A similar percentage of men and women were found to have a narrower right vertebral artery: 56% of men and 58% of women. Results were similar for the other side: 36% of men and 37% of women had a narrower left vertebral artery.
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Results were similar for the other side: 36% of men and 37% of women had a narrower left vertebral artery.
Among men and women the right vertebral artery was noticed to be narrower than the left one in most cases (table 1). The term “narrower" refers to a smaller vertebral artery lumen when both sides are compared. Fifty-seven percent of subjects had a narrower right vertebral artery as opposed to 36% with a narrower left one. Vertebral arteries of equal width were found in 10% of subjects. A similar percentage of men and women were found to have a narrower right vertebral artery: 56% of men and 58% of women. Results were similar for the other side: 36% of men and 37% of women had a narrower left vertebral artery.
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Side of the “narrower" vertebral artery.
Side of the “narrower" vertebral artery.
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Men had the right and left vertebral artery wider than women even though the differences were not statistically significant.
Men and women differed greatly in some examined parameters. Women were in average eleven years older than men. Men had the right and left vertebral artery wider than women even though the differences were not statistically significant. However, when we compared both diameters together, the difference between men and women was statistically significant. There were no great differences in mean blood flow velocities in the left and right vertebral artery between men and women. Also, when compared, the sum of mean blood flow velocities in both vertebral arteries showed no difference between men and women. The difference in the diameters of the “narrower" vertebral artery was not significant between these two groups. Men showed a statistically significant wider diameter of the “wider" vertebral artery (table 2).
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There were no great differences in mean blood flow velocities in the left and right vertebral artery between men and women.
Men and women differed greatly in some examined parameters. Women were in average eleven years older than men. Men had the right and left vertebral artery wider than women even though the differences were not statistically significant. However, when we compared both diameters together, the difference between men and women was statistically significant. There were no great differences in mean blood flow velocities in the left and right vertebral artery between men and women. Also, when compared, the sum of mean blood flow velocities in both vertebral arteries showed no difference between men and women. The difference in the diameters of the “narrower" vertebral artery was not significant between these two groups. Men showed a statistically significant wider diameter of the “wider" vertebral artery (table 2).
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The difference in the diameters of the “narrower" vertebral artery was not significant between these two groups.
Women were in average eleven years older than men. Men had the right and left vertebral artery wider than women even though the differences were not statistically significant. However, when we compared both diameters together, the difference between men and women was statistically significant. There were no great differences in mean blood flow velocities in the left and right vertebral artery between men and women. Also, when compared, the sum of mean blood flow velocities in both vertebral arteries showed no difference between men and women. The difference in the diameters of the “narrower" vertebral artery was not significant between these two groups. Men showed a statistically significant wider diameter of the “wider" vertebral artery (table 2).
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Men showed a statistically significant wider diameter of the “wider" vertebral artery (table 2).
Men had the right and left vertebral artery wider than women even though the differences were not statistically significant. However, when we compared both diameters together, the difference between men and women was statistically significant. There were no great differences in mean blood flow velocities in the left and right vertebral artery between men and women. Also, when compared, the sum of mean blood flow velocities in both vertebral arteries showed no difference between men and women. The difference in the diameters of the “narrower" vertebral artery was not significant between these two groups. Men showed a statistically significant wider diameter of the “wider" vertebral artery (table 2).
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AV-R = diameter of the right vertebral artery/gиаметър на gясната вертебрална артерия AV-L = diameter of the left vertebral artery/gиаметър на лявата вертебрална артерия
AV-R = diameter of the right vertebral artery/gиаметър на gясната вертебрална артерия AV-L = diameter of the left vertebral artery/gиаметър на лявата вертебрална артерия
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AV-R hemo = hemodynamics of the right vertebral artery/xемоgинамика на gясната вертебрална артерия AV-L hemo = hemodynamics of the left vertebral artery/xемоgинамика на лявата вертебрална артерия AV-R+AV-L = diameter of both vertebral arteries/ gиаметър на gвете вертебрални артерии
AV-R hemo = hemodynamics of the right vertebral artery/xемоgинамика на gясната вертебрална артерия AV-L hemo = hemodynamics of the left vertebral artery/xемоgинамика на лявата вертебрална артерия AV-R+AV-L = diameter of both vertebral arteries/ gиаметър на gвете вертебрални артерии
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AV-R+L hemo = hemodynamics of both vertebral arteries xемоgинамика на gвете вертебрални артерии / Narrower /по-тясна = diameter of the narrower vertebral artery/gиаметър на по-тясната вертебрална артерия Wider VA/по-широка ВА = diameter of the wider vertebral artery/gиаметър на „по-широката" вертебрална артерия
AV-R+L hemo = hemodynamics of both vertebral arteries xемоgинамика на gвете вертебрални артерии / Narrower /по-тясна = diameter of the narrower vertebral artery/gиаметър на по-тясната вертебрална артерия Wider VA/по-широка ВА = diameter of the wider vertebral artery/gиаметър на „по-широката" вертебрална артерия
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Vertebral artery hypoplasia is more and more recognized [12, 22], not only as an entity, but also as a condition that may cause certain disorders, e.g.
able symptoms such as vertigo [23, 28]. The introduction of noninvasive ultrasound methods for study of blood vessels led to a greater interest in vertebral arteries [4, 5, 14]. Nowadays, more and more conditions are associated with posterior circulation. Vertebral artery hypoplasia is more and more recognized [12, 22], not only as an entity, but also as a condition that may cause certain disorders, e.g. migraine [19, 27].
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Our results showed different findings in regard to mean blood flow velocities, which didn't differ greatly between the right and left vertebral artery, but confirmed the dominance of the left vertebral artery.
Our results confirmed some earlier findings. Back in 1999 Seidel [25] showed that mean blood flow velocities are lower in right vertebral arteries and that lumen diameters of right vertebral arteries are smaller than the left ones. Our results showed different findings in regard to mean blood flow velocities, which didn't differ greatly between the right and left vertebral artery, but confirmed the dominance of the left vertebral artery. Our investigation supported some results of earlier studies done by Karayenbuehel and Yasargila in 1957. They found that vertebral arteries had different diameters in 74% of the population, and 42% of the population had a dominant left vertebral artery. Our study showed different diameters of the right and left vertebral artery in 92% of men and 95% of women. Touboul et al.
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They found that vertebral arteries had different diameters in 74% of the population, and 42% of the population had a dominant left vertebral artery.
Our results confirmed some earlier findings. Back in 1999 Seidel [25] showed that mean blood flow velocities are lower in right vertebral arteries and that lumen diameters of right vertebral arteries are smaller than the left ones. Our results showed different findings in regard to mean blood flow velocities, which didn't differ greatly between the right and left vertebral artery, but confirmed the dominance of the left vertebral artery. Our investigation supported some results of earlier studies done by Karayenbuehel and Yasargila in 1957. They found that vertebral arteries had different diameters in 74% of the population, and 42% of the population had a dominant left vertebral artery. Our study showed different diameters of the right and left vertebral artery in 92% of men and 95% of women. Touboul et al.
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Our study showed different diameters of the right and left vertebral artery in 92% of men and 95% of women.
Our results confirmed some earlier findings. Back in 1999 Seidel [25] showed that mean blood flow velocities are lower in right vertebral arteries and that lumen diameters of right vertebral arteries are smaller than the left ones. Our results showed different findings in regard to mean blood flow velocities, which didn't differ greatly between the right and left vertebral artery, but confirmed the dominance of the left vertebral artery. Our investigation supported some results of earlier studies done by Karayenbuehel and Yasargila in 1957. They found that vertebral arteries had different diameters in 74% of the population, and 42% of the population had a dominant left vertebral artery. Our study showed different diameters of the right and left vertebral artery in 92% of men and 95% of women. Touboul et al.
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[26] found a dominant left vertebral artery in 48% of subjects, with 14% having a dominant right vertebral artery.
[26] found a dominant left vertebral artery in 48% of subjects, with 14% having a dominant right vertebral artery. ln 1999 Lovrencic-Huzjan et al.
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The value of color duplex for sonography of the vertebral artery.
Delcker A, Diener HC. The value of color duplex for sonography of the vertebral artery.
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Vertebral Artery Hypoplasia – Sex-Specific Frequencies in 36 Parent-Offspring Pairs.
Demarin V, Skaric-Juric T, Lovrencic-Huzjan A, Bosnar-Puretic M, Vukovic V. Vertebral Artery Hypoplasia – Sex-Specific Frequencies in 36 Parent-Offspring Pairs.
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Association between vertebral artery hypoplasia and posterior circulation stroke.
Gaigalaite V, Vilimas A, Ozeraitiene V, Dementaviciene J, Janilionis R, Kalibatiene D, Rocka S. Association between vertebral artery hypoplasia and posterior circulation stroke.
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Color Doppler imaging evaluation of proximal vertebral artery stenosis.
Hua Y, Meng XF, Jia LY, Ling C, Miao ZR, Ling F, Liu JB. Color Doppler imaging evaluation of proximal vertebral artery stenosis.
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Evaluation of vertebral artery hypoplasia and asymmetry by color-coded duplex ultrasonography.
Jeng JS, Yip PK. Evaluation of vertebral artery hypoplasia and asymmetry by color-coded duplex ultrasonography.
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Role of vertebral artery hypoplasia in migraine.
Lovrencic-Huzjan A, Demarin V, Rundek T, Vukovic V. Role of vertebral artery hypoplasia in migraine.
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Relationship between Vertebral Artery Hypoplasia and Posterior Circulation Ischemia.
Mitsumura H, Miyagawa S, Komatsu T, et al. Relationship between Vertebral Artery Hypoplasia and Posterior Circulation Ischemia.
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Vertebral Artery Hypoplasia: Characteristics in a Croatian Population Sample.
T, Demarin V. Vertebral Artery Hypoplasia: Characteristics in a Croatian Population Sample.
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Hypoplasia, stenosis and other alterations of the vertebral artery impaired blood rheology manifest a hidden disease?
Oder B, Oder W, Lang W, Marschnigg E, Deecke L. Hypoplasia, stenosis and other alterations of the vertebral artery impaired blood rheology manifest a hidden disease?
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Anatomic variation of the vertebral artery.
n C, Mata-Escolano F. Anatomic variation of the vertebral artery. The Spine Journal 2016 (in press). DOI:
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Reference Values for Vertebral Artery Flow Volume by Duplex Sonography in Young and Elderly Adults.
Seidel E, Eicke BM, Tettenborn B, Krummenauer F. Reference Values for Vertebral Artery Flow Volume by Duplex Sonography in Young and Elderly Adults.
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Prevalence of Migraine in Patients with Vertebral Artery Hypoplasia.
Vukovic V, Lovrencic-Huzjan A, Kesic MJ, Morovic S, Demarin V. Prevalence of Migraine in Patients with Vertebral Artery Hypoplasia.
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Posterior circulation disorders (PCD) include a) vertebrobasilar insufficiency (VВI) with different clinical manifestations: vestibulocerebellar syndrome, cephalgia, cochlear syndrome, vegetovascular dystonia, visual disturbances, “syndrome of vertebral artery compression", etc.; b) vertebrobasilar TIA; and c) stroke.
Posterior circulation disorders (PCD) include a) vertebrobasilar insufficiency (VВI) with different clinical manifestations: vestibulocerebellar syndrome, cephalgia, cochlear syndrome, vegetovascular dystonia, visual disturbances, “syndrome of vertebral artery compression", etc.; b) vertebrobasilar TIA; and c) stroke. All of them are caused by blood flow disturbances in vertebral (VA), basilar (ВA) and posterior cerebral arteries (PCA).
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Vertebral artery stenosis may account for up to 20% of vertebrobasilar ischemic strokes.
Approximately 25% of ischemic strokes involve the posterior circulation. Vertebral artery stenosis may account for up to 20% of vertebrobasilar ischemic strokes. ln an angiographic study of 4748 patients with ischemic stroke, some degree of proximal extracranial VA stenosis was seen in 18% of the vessels on the right side of the brain and in 22% of the vessels on the left side [5]. Because of the brainstem and cerebellum involvement, vertebrobasilar stroke carries a mortality rate of more than 85%. Most survivors of basilar artery occlusion have severe, persisting disability [6].
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lt was described as basilar artery stenosis or occlusion, vertebral artery disease in the neck (severe stenosis, hypoplasia, or occlusion), intracranial vertebral artery stenosis or occlusion, bilateral vertebral occlusive disease, arterio-arterial embolism, etc.
Brainstem softening was recognized in the 19th century, but the underlying pathology was not understood until the classic report of Kubik and Adams in 1946. lt was described as basilar artery stenosis or occlusion, vertebral artery disease in the neck (severe stenosis, hypoplasia, or occlusion), intracranial vertebral artery stenosis or occlusion, bilateral vertebral occlusive disease, arterio-arterial embolism, etc. Symptoms are clearly of vascular origin and referable to the posterior circulation. Functional vascular spasm or hemodynamic disturbances related to neck and head posture have been suggested, but mechanisms still remain unproven [7, 8].
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The diagnosis “positional" VB ischemia is present during lateral neck rotation/ extension and is attributed to bony “nipping" of the vertebral artery.
ln contrast, studies demonstrate that it is associated with a high early stroke risk; a metaanalysis suggests that the risk is higher than that seen in anterior circulation stroke [17]. Seizures and syncope are common causes for temporary loss of consciousness in РCD. The reticular activating system, which promotes wakefulness, is located in paramedian tegmentum of the upper brainstem. Basilar artery stenosis or occlusion can interrupt the function of these fibers and impair consciousness leading to coma. However, basilar occlusive disease always causes other accompanying findings, such as oculomotor and motor signs [18]. The diagnosis “positional" VB ischemia is present during lateral neck rotation/ extension and is attributed to bony “nipping" of the vertebral artery. This study shows our experience in determining by EDS and TCCD whether the “positional" VB ischemia could be associated with any changes of blood flow velocities in the intracranial VA, BA and Р1 segment of РCA during head turning.
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Clinical manifestations of vertebral artery dissection.
Arnold M, Bousser MG. Clinical manifestations of vertebral artery dissection.
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Symptomatic Ostial Vertebral Artery Stenosis: Treatment with Drug-eluting Stents– Clinical and Angiographic Results at 1-year Follow-up.
Chun Ho Yu S, Wai Hong Leung T. Symptomatic Ostial Vertebral Artery Stenosis: Treatment with Drug-eluting Stents– Clinical and Angiographic Results at 1-year Follow-up.
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Symptomatic Ostial Vertebral Artery Stenosis: Treatment with Drug-eluting Stents—Clinical and Angiographic Results at 1-year Follow-up.
Chun Ho Yu S, Wai Hong Leung, Suk Yee Lam J, Wai Man Lam W, Ka Sing Wong L. Symptomatic Ostial Vertebral Artery Stenosis: Treatment with Drug-eluting Stents—Clinical and Angiographic Results at 1-year Follow-up.
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Vertebral artery hypoplasia: a predisposing factor for posterior circulation stroke?
Giannopoulos S, Kosmidou M, Pelidou SH, Kyritsis AP. Vertebral artery hypoplasia: a predisposing factor for posterior circulation stroke?
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Vertebral artery dominance contributes to basilar artery curvature and peri-vertebrobasilar junctional infarcts.
Vertebral artery dominance contributes to basilar artery curvature and peri-vertebrobasilar junctional infarcts.
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Is vertebral artery hypoplasia a predisposing factor for posterior circulation cerebral ischemic events?
Katsanos AH, Kosmidou M, Kyritsis AP, Giannopoulos S. Is vertebral artery hypoplasia a predisposing factor for posterior circulation cerebral ischemic events? A comprehensive review.
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Noninvasive angiography for the diagnosis of vertebral artery disease using Doppler ultrasound.
Keller HM et al. Noninvasive angiography for the diagnosis of vertebral artery disease using Doppler ultrasound.
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Noninvasive angiography for the diagnosis of vertebral artery disease using Doppler ultrasound.
Keller HM et al. Noninvasive angiography for the diagnosis of vertebral artery disease using Doppler ultrasound.
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Long-term outcome of vertebral artery origin stenosis in patients with acute ischemic stroke.
Kim YJ, Lee JH, Choi JW, Roh HG, Chun YI, Lee JS, Kim HY. Long-term outcome of vertebral artery origin stenosis in patients with acute ischemic stroke.
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Predictive value of vertebral artery extracranial color-coded duplex sonography for ischemic stroke-related vertigo.
Liou LM, Lin HF, Huang IF, Chang YP, Lin RT, Lai CL. Predictive value of vertebral artery extracranial color-coded duplex sonography for ischemic stroke-related vertigo.
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Predictive value of vertebral artery extracranial color-coded duplex sonography for ischemic stroke-related vertigo.
Liou LM, Lin HF, Huang IF, Chang YP, Lin RT, Lai CL. Predictive value of vertebral artery extracranial color-coded duplex sonography for ischemic stroke-related vertigo.
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Rotational vertebrobasilar ischemia due to vertebral artery dynamic stenoses complicated by an ostial atherosclerotic stenosis.
Natello GW, Carroll CM, Katwal AB. Rotational vertebrobasilar ischemia due to vertebral artery dynamic stenoses complicated by an ostial atherosclerotic stenosis.
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Rotational vertebrobasilar ischemia due to vertebral artery dynamic stenoses complicated by an ostial atherosclerotic stenosis.
Natello GW, Carroll CM, Katwal AB. Rotational vertebrobasilar ischemia due to vertebral artery dynamic stenoses complicated by an ostial atherosclerotic stenosis.
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Cerebral ischemia originating from rotational vertebral artery occlusion caused by C5/6 spondylotic changes: a case report.
Ohsaka M, Takgami M, Koyanagi I, Kim S, Houkin K. Cerebral ischemia originating from rotational vertebral artery occlusion caused by C5/6 spondylotic changes: a case report.
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Vertebral artery hypoplasia: a predisposing factor for posterior circulation stroke?
Perren F, Poglia D, Landis T, Sztajzel R. Vertebral artery hypoplasia: a predisposing factor for posterior circulation stroke?
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Extracranial and Intracranial Sonographic Findings in Vertebral Artery Diseases.
Vicenzini E, Ricciardi MC, Sirimarco G, Di Piero V, Lenzi JL. Extracranial and Intracranial Sonographic Findings in Vertebral Artery Diseases.
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P1 Vertebral Artery Dissection – a Clinical Case Report.
P1 Vertebral Artery Dissection – a Clinical Case Report.
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VERTEBRAL ARTERY DISSECTION – A CLINICAL CASE REPORT
VERTEBRAL ARTERY DISSECTION – A CLINICAL CASE REPORT
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We present our own experience in one clinical case with spontaneous dissection of the left vertebral artery and basilar artery (proximal part), detected by MR angiogra-
We present our own experience in one clinical case with spontaneous dissection of the left vertebral artery and basilar artery (proximal part), detected by MR angiogra-
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Angiographic examination revealed a dissection of the left vertebral artery and the proximal part of the basilar artery.
Angiographic examination revealed a dissection of the left vertebral artery and the proximal part of the basilar artery. An ischemic stroke in the left part of medulla oblongata and the left part of cerebellum were seen on MRI.
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dissection, vertebral artery.
dissection, vertebral artery.
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9. NEUROSONOLOGY AND CEREBRAL HEMODYNAMICS, vol. 13, 2017, No. 1 , , ,

In other 2 patients with multiple lacunar infarctions and subcortical leucoencephalopathy beneficial function of PComA and compensatory enhancement of flow in vertebral artery was noted.
In other 2 patients with multiple lacunar infarctions and subcortical leucoencephalopathy beneficial function of PComA and compensatory enhancement of flow in vertebral artery was noted. Patients with reversed flow at the ophthalmic artery could prove an additional risk for brain infarction. Of 40 patients with reversed flow at the ophthalmic artery, in 20 (50%) cases brain infarctions were revealed, 7 of which, (17.5%) border-zone. In 31 patients with anterograde ophthalmic artery flow infarction was detected only in 9 (33%) cases.
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C. Effect of ICA occlosion on vertebral artery blood flow.
C. Effect of ICA occlosion on vertebral artery blood flow.
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10. NEUROSONOLOGY AND CEREBRAL HEMODYNAMICS, vol. 14, 2018, No. 1 , , ,

Most reported complications occurred following common carotid misplacement of catheter or jugular vein puncture [13] but also may be present in all other regional arteries such as thyreocervial trunk with its branches, internal thoracic artery and vertebral artery [3, 5, 6, 10, 11].
If AVF can be traced it will be characterized with high-velocity arterialized waveform in dilated artery and draining vein [14]. Clinically both may present with pulsatile neck masses. Most neck AVFs are caused by trauma or medical procedures, and depending on the location may even be asymptomatic [15]. If diagnosis provided by ultrasound is uncertain, it can be followed by DSA as a gold standard. Additional modalities include CT/MR angiography for detecting other surrounding structures involved in AVF/PSAN. Most reported complications occurred following common carotid misplacement of catheter or jugular vein puncture [13] but also may be present in all other regional arteries such as thyreocervial trunk with its branches, internal thoracic artery and vertebral artery [3, 5, 6, 10, 11].
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Pseudoaneurysm of the subclavian-vertebral artery junction – case report and review of the literature.
Bernik TR, Friedman SG, Scher LA, Safa T. Pseudoaneurysm of the subclavian-vertebral artery junction – case report and review of the literature.
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Iatrogenic vertebral artery pseudoaneurysm: US, CT and MRI findings.
Cihangiroglu M, Rahman A, Yildirim H, Burma O, Uysal H. Iatrogenic vertebral artery pseudoaneurysm: US, CT and MRI findings.
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Twenty-five patients were hospitalized due to CCAD, 13 with unilateral internal carotid (ICA) dissection, 4 with unilateral vertebral artery dissection and 8 with bilateral dissection (4 bilateral ICA and 4 bilateral vertebral dissections).
Twenty-five patients were hospitalized due to CCAD, 13 with unilateral internal carotid (ICA) dissection, 4 with unilateral vertebral artery dissection and 8 with bilateral dissection (4 bilateral ICA and 4 bilateral vertebral dissections). All patients presented with head or neck pain; ischemic symptomatology was present in 10 out of 13 patients with ICA dissection, 4 out of 4 with unilateral vertebral dissection and
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(4 bilateral carotid artery, 4 bilateral vertebral artery)
(4 bilateral carotid artery, 4 bilateral vertebral artery)
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There are differences between patients with single and multiple artery involvement, and differences between patients with carotid and vertebral artery dissection.
Although the number of patients was small, the results showed similar to CADISP study findings. There are differences between patients with single and multiple artery involvement, and differences between patients with carotid and vertebral artery dissection. We found a high proportion of thyroid abnormalities and migraine in patients with bilateral CCAD. Thyroid abnormalities were not observed in CADISP or in other studies.
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Differential features of carotid and vertebral artery dissections.
Debette S, Grond-Gisbach C, Bodenant M, Kloss M, Engelter S, Metso T, Pezzini A, et al. for the Cervical Artery Dissection Ischemic Stroke Patients (CADISP) Group. Differential features of carotid and vertebral artery dissections. The CADISP Study.
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11. NEUROSONOLOGY AND CEREBRAL HEMODYNAMICS, vol. 14, 2018, No. 2 , , ,

Vertebral artery dissection after radiation therapy: A case report.
Nardone R, Venturi A, Wieser A, Tezzon F, Carducci F, Windegger M, Psenner K. Vertebral artery dissection after radiation therapy: A case report.
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